TNO/centaur diameters, albedos, and densities

TNO/Centaur diameters, albedos, and densities

compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
last modified 28 August 2011

The first trans-Neptunian object (TNO) after Pluto was discovered in 1992. Given the remoteness of TNOs, it was years before sizes were first measured for a few TNOs. For a variety of reasons (direct and indirect), TNOs are believed related to comets which are generally quite dark. The conventional wisdom was an initial best estimate of 0.04 for the albedo of TNOs.

Accumulated measurements of size and albedo now suggest that, while some TNOs are indeed this dark, some are significantly brighter. Reported measurements are summarized below.

Approximate average albedos are as follows (with number of objects in parentheses):

Centaurs, 0.076 (21);
TNOs, all, 0.173 (70);
- TNOs, over 1200 km in diameter, 0.576 (6)
- TNOs, under 1200 km in diameter, 0.135 (64)
  - --better constrained only, 0.133 (53);
  - --thermal or direct measurement, 0.107 (29) (median 0.079);
  - --dynamical measurement only, 0.165 (24) (median 0.160).

The relevant diameter measurements are listed below. This includes 70 TNOs (of which 37 are binary or multiple) and 21 Centaurs (including 2 binaries). The TNOs include the so-called "dwarf" planets Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake, and Pluto's satellite Charon (which is included in the above counts). Measurements for Pluto, Charon, and (2060) Chiron are representative of published results. All other diameter estimates on the pages Trans-Neptunian objects and List of known trans-Neptunian objects assume an albedo of 0.09. This is a revision in 2005 from a previous model (the old model assumed albedos of 0.09 for Centaurs, 0.04 for TNOs less than 660 km in diameter, and an increasing albedo for larger TNOs based on a best fit to observations through early 2004).

The current total of 91 TNOs and Centaurs with measured diameters/albedos compares to 55 in 2008, 34 in 2006, and 16 in 2004. Much of the increase in the last five years is from thermal measurements from the Spitzer Space Telescope and from measurements derived from orbit determinations for binary TNOs. The average albedo for Centaurs has changed little. Average values for TNOs are higher than previously reported. Some apparent factors are:

The largest TNOs tend to have very high albedos. The dwarf planets Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake have an average albedo of 0.75. Other large TNOs appear to have higher albedos than the norm. This is understood to result from the presence of ices and frost on the surface of these large objects, objects large enough to retain volatiles and in some cases to retain transient atmospheres that can produce frost deposits.
For smaller TNOs, dynamically-derived albedos for binary TNOs tend to be higher than albedos derived from thermal observations. This could result from resurfacing for collisionally-produced binaries, from selection effects where only the brighter smaller objects are observable, from actual densities being lower than the assumed 1 g/cm³ for derivation of binary albedos, or from some combination of these factors.

Table 1: Measured diameters, albedos, and densities for TNOs and Centaurs:

Explanation of columns:

permanent name, number, provisional designation
type: dynamical type (CEN = Centaur, CUB = cubewano, HAU = Haumea family, SDO = scattered disk object, TNO = other trans-Neptunian object, SAT = satellite). Binary or multiple objects are indicated with asterisks for the total number of components (** = binary, *** = triple, etc.).
H: MPC reported absolute magnitude
H_V: measured absolute magnitude used in the diameter/albedo calculation
diameter: diameter of object. For objects with companions, C = combined effective diameter, P = primary diameter
secondary diameter: diameter of secondary (or tertiary) component
albedo: albedo, with codes B = blue, V = visual, R = red, G = geometric
density: density
meth: method of measurement, with th = thermal, dy = dynamical (determined from mutual orbit of binary components), im = direct imaging, ec = eclipses, oc = occultation. * indicates reanlysis of previously published results.
source: code for source of measurements, with sources listed at the end of this page.
derived values are indicated by brackets [].

number/name prov. des. type H H_V diameter (km) secondary
diameter (km) albedo density (g/cm³) meth source

(134340) Pluto PLU***** -0.7 2302±12 P 0.525±0.085 B ec T90a

2320±23 P 0.6 V im A94a

2328±45.8 P ec Y94a

<2408 P oc A96a

2200±90 P 0.72±0.12 R G05a

2350±50 P 1.92±0.12 P06a

2346±20/40 P oc Z11a

(134340) I = Charon SAT [0.9] 1186±26 0.378±0.015 B ec T90a

1285±26 0.285±0.015 V im A94a

1242±41.2 ec Y94a

1260±90 0.37±0.02 R G05a

1212±3 1.63±0.07 oc P06a

(2060) Chiron 1977 UB CEN 6.3 6.9 [180±11] 0.14±0.06/0.03 G th C94a

168±20 0.13±0.04/0.03 V th A95a

179.2±13.6 oc B96a

160±20 0.14±0.02 G th G00a

148±8 0.17±0.02 G th F02a

7.28±0.08 142±10 0.11±0.02 G th G04a

233.3±14.7/14.4 0.0757±0.0103/0.0087 V th S08a

(5145) Pholus 1992 AD CEN 7.1 189±26 0.044±0.013 V th D93a

185±16 [0.043±0.02] V th D96a

140±40 0.08±0.07/0.03 V th S08a

(7066) Nessus 1993 HA2 CEN 9.6 60±16 0.065±0.053/0.025 V th S08a

(8405) Asbolus 1995 GO CEN 9.0 66±4 0.12±0.03 G th F02a

77.5±7.5 0.095±0.015 V th S05a

84.2±7.8 0.0546±0.0127/0.0086 V th S08a

(10199) Chariklo 1997 CU26 CEN 6.6 302±30 0.045±0.01 G th J98a

273±19 0.055±0.008 V th A01a

6.7±0.2 236±12 0.07±0.01 G th G04a

225±25 0.1±0.02 V th S05a

258.6±10.3 0.0573±0.0049/0.0042 V th S08a

(10370) Hylonome 1995 DW2 CEN 8.6 70±20 0.062±0.05/0.03 V th S08a

(15789) 1993 SC PLU 7.0 328±58/66 0.022±0.013/0.006 G th T00a

398±108/171 0.035±0.016/0.013 R th G05a

(15874) 1996 TL66 SDO 5.4 632±84/98 0.03±0.012/0.007 G th T00a

<958 >0.018 R th G05a

575±116/115 0.035±0.02/0.011 V th S08a

(15875) 1996 TP66 PLU 6.9 350±50 0.03±0.01 V th S05a

160±45 0.074±0.07/0.03 V th S08a

(19308) 1996 TO66 HAU 4.5 <897 >0.04 G th A04a

<902 >0.033 R th G05a

(19521) Chaos 1998 WH24 CUB 4.8 <742 >0.04 G th A04a

<747 >0.058 R th G05a

(20000) Varuna 2000 WR106 CUB 3.6 900±129/145 0.07±0.03/0.017 R th J01a

1060±180/220 0.038±0.022/0.01 V th L02a

936±238/324 0.037±0.011/0.014 R th G05a

600±150 0.21±0.09 V th S05a

0.992±0.086/0.015 dy L07a

500±100 0.16±0.1/0.08 V th S08a

714±178/128 0.088±0.042/0.031 V th* B09a

(24835) 1995 SM55 HAU 4.8 <701 >0.04 G th A04a

<704 >0.067 R th G05a

(26308) 1998 SM165 RES 1:2** 5.8 238±54 P 0.14±0.06 R dy G05a

287±36 P 96±12 0.07±0.02 V 0.51±0.29/0.14 th/dy S06b

279.8±29.7/28.6 C 0.0633±0.0153/0.0116 V th S08a

229±51 P [66] 0.105±0.045 V dy* G11a

(26375) 1999 DE9 RES 2:5 5.1 461±46.1/45.3 0.0685±0.0158/0.0119 V th S08a

(28978) Ixion 2001 KX76 PLU 3.3 1055±165 0.09 th B02a

<804 >0.15 G th A04a

<822 >0.148 R th G05a

475±75 0.375±0.125 V th S05a

650±260/220 0.12±0.14/0.06 V th S08a

(29981) 1999 TD10 CEN 8.7 90±15 0.075±0.025 V th S05a

103.7±13.6/13.5 0.044±0.0142/0.0096 V th S08a

(31824) Elatus 1999 UG5 CEN 10.1 30±8 0.1±0.04/0.03 V th S08a

(32532) Thereus 2001 PT13 CEN 9.0 80±5 0.0975±0.0125 V th S05a

87.8±9.5/9.4 0.0428±0.0109/0.008 V th S08a

(35671) 1998 SN165 TNO 5.6 460±60/80 0.043±0.018/0.012 V th S08a

(38628) Huya 2000 EB173 PLU 4.9 <540 >0.08 G th A04a

<548 >0.084 R th G05a

480±50 0.11±0.02 V th S05a

532.6±25.1/24.4 0.0504±0.005/0.0041 V th S08a

(42355) Typhon 2002 CR46 CEN** 7.5 155±15 C 0.1±0.02 V th S05a

175±17/20 C 0.051±0.013/0.009 V th S08a

7.68±0.04 144±10 C 0.075±0.01 V 0.66±0.09/0.08 th M10a

7.68±0.04 ?138±9 C 0.08±0.01 V th M10a

112±26 P [62] 0.09±0.04 V dy* G11a

(47171) 1999 TC36 PLU*** 4.9 675±100 C 0.035 th B02a

609±93/47 C 0.05±0.01 G th A04a

301±68 P 0.22±0.01 R dy G05a

375±50 C 0.15±0.04 V 0.68±0.13 th S05a

405±65/55 C 0.079±0.031/0.021 V 0.5±0.3/0.2 th/dy S06a

379 P 133 th/dy S06a

414.6±38.8/38.2 C 0.0718±0.0153/0.0117 V th S08a

281±45/38 P 258±41/35
135±22/18 0.582±0.317/0.211 dy B09b

(47932) 2000 GN171 PLU 6.0 321±57.4/54.2 0.0568±0.0254/0.0159 V th S08a

(50000) Quaoar 2002 LM60 CUB** 2.6 1260±190 P [0.0965±0.039/0.024] V im B04a

1260±190 P 0.1±0.03 R im G05a

844±207/190 C 0.199±0.132/0.07 V th S08a

2.739±0.011 908±112/118 C 0.172±0.055/0.036 V th B09a

830±178/142 C 0.206±0.093/0.066 V th* B09a

(52872) Okyrhoe 1998 SG35 CEN 10.9 45±5 0.03±0.005 V th S05a

52.1±6.9 0.0249±0.0081/0.0055 V th S08a

(52975) Cyllarus 1998 TF35 CEN 9.4 62±20/18 0.115±0.09/0.05 V th S08a

(54598) Bienor 2000 QC243 CEN 7.5 175±25 0.055±0.015 V th S05a

206.7±30.1 0.0344±0.0127/0.0082 V th S08a

(55565) 2002 AW197 CUB 3.4 700±50 0.17±0.03 G th C05a

886±115/131 0.101±0.038/0.022 R th G05a

700±50 0.17±0.03 V th S05a

734.6±116.4/108.3 0.1177±0.0442/0.03 V th S08a

742±98/104 0.115±0.041/0.025 V th* B09a

(55576) Amycus 2002 GB10 CEN 7.8 76.3±12.5 0.1796±0.0777/0.047 V th S08a

(55636) 2002 TX300 HAU 3.2 <907 >0.084 V th O04a

<709 >0.19 R th G05a

<800 >0.1 V th S08a

<420 >0.41 V th* B09a

(55637) 2002 UX25 CUB** 3.7 681.2±115.6/114 C 0.115±0.0509/0.0309 V th S08a

680±106/108 C 0.111±0.049/0.03 V th* B09a

(58534) Logos 1997 CQ29 CUB** 6.6 80 P 66 [0.29] V dy N04a

77±18 P 0.39±0.17 R dy G05a

82±18 P [67] 0.195±0.085 V dy G11a

82.2±0.4 P 0.28±0.02 R dy* P11a

(60558) Echeclus 2000 EC98 CEN 9.4 70±15 0.125±0.045 V th S05a

83.6±15/15.2 0.0383±0.0189/0.0108 V th S08a

(63252) 2001 BL41 CEN 11.7 35±7/8 0.039±0.025/0.013 V th S08a

(65489) Ceto 2003 FX128 CEN** 6.3 6.614±0.021 87±8/9 P 66±6/7 0.084±0.021/0.014 G 1.37±0.66/0.32 th G07a

229.7±18.6/18.2 C 0.0767±0.0138/0.011 V th S08a

189±43 P [145] 0.09±0.04 V dy* G11a

(66652) Borasisi 1999 RZ253 CUB** 5.9 166 P 137 [0.15] V dy N04b

170±39 P 0.29±0.12 R dy G05a

160±36 P [130] 0.175±0.075 V dy G11a

163.2±0.4 P 0.192±0.009 R dy* P11a

(73480) 2002 PN34 CEN 8.6 119.5±10.3/10.2 0.0425±0.0083/0.0065 V th S08a

(79360) 1997 CS29 CUB** 5.3 5.65±0.09 ?402±69 C 0.06±0.02 V th M10a

5.65±0.09 335±85 C 0.1±0.04 V th M10a

(82075) 2000 YW134 SDO 4.9 4.88±0.05 <500 >0.08 V th M10a

(83982) Crantor 2002 GO9 CEN 8.8 60±15/13 0.11±0.07/0.04 V th S08a

(84522) 2002 TC302 RES 2:5 3.8 <1195 >0.04 G th A04a

<1211 >0.051 R th G05a

1150±337/325 0.031±0.029/0.012 V th S08a

(88611) Teharonhiawako 2001 QT297 CUB** 5.8 88±11 P 0.115±0.025 *** dy O03a

168±38 P 0.1±0.04 R dy G05a

147±33 P [106] 0.275±0.115 V dy G11a

152±0.6 P 0.147±0.003 R dy* P11a

(90377) Sedna 2003 VB12 SDO OC 1.6 <1800 >0.046 R th/im G05a

<1600 >0.16 V th S08a

(90482) Orcus 2004 DW PLU** 2.3 946.3±74.1/72.3 C 0.1972±0.034/0.0276 V th S08a

2.17±0.05 940±70 C 0.28±0.04 G 1.6±0.3 th B10a

2.43±0.07 850±90 C 0.27±0.07/0.05 V th L10a

2.43±0.07 829±119/43 C 0.28±0.04/0.06 V th L10a

[830] [370] 0.3 dy O10a

1040±240 P [313] 0.18±0.08 V dy* G11a

(90568) 2004 GV9 CUB 4.0 677.2±71.3/69.3 0.0805±0.0194/0.0146 V th S08a

684±68/78 0.073±0.049/0.029 V th* B09a

(119951) 2002 KX14 TNO 4.4 <440 >0.1 V th* B09a

4.89±0.03 180±50/38 0.6±0.36/0.23 V th B09a

(120061) 2003 CO1 CEN 8.9 76.9±8.5/8.4 0.0574±0.0149/0.0109 V th S08a

(120347) Salacia 2004 SB60 CUB** 4.2 930±210 P [320] 0.02±0.01 V dy* G11a

(123509) 2000 WK183 CUB** 6.6 106±24 P [101] 0.18±0.08 V dy G11a

(126154) 2001 YH140 RES 3:5 5.5 5.8±0.2 345±45 0.08±0.02 V th M10a

5.8±0.2 ?349±81 0.08±0.05 V th M10a

(134860) 2000 OJ67 CUB** 6.1 6.471±0.01 138±32 P [108] 0.16±0.07 G dy G09a

138±32 P [107] 0.16±0.07 V dy* G11a

(135182) 2001 QT322 TNO 6.2 6.4±0.5 <160 >0.21 V th B09a

(136108) Haumea 2003 EL61 HAU*** 0.2 0.487±0.016 [1380±56] P 0.665±0.065 V 2.97±0.37 lc/dy R05a

P 2.551±0.115/0.01 dy L07a

1150±250/100 C 0.84±0.1/0.2 V th S08a

0.425 1324±167 C 0.698±0.189 V th L10b

1438 C 0.725 V 2.57 th L10b

(136199) Eris 2003 UB313 SDO** -1.2 3000±400 C 0.6±0.15 R th B06a

2400±100 P 0.86±0.07 V im B06b

2600±400/200 C 0.7±0.15/0.2 V th S08a

<2320 P oc M10b

3260±740 P [149] 0.55±0.24 V dy* G11a

(136472) Makemake 2005 FY9 CUB -0.4 1500±400/200 0.8±0.1/0.2 V th S08a

0.14±0.05 1420±60 *0.8±0.1 V th L10a

(138537) 2000 OK67 CUB 5.9 6.5±0.1 <160 >0.16 V th B09a

(139775) 2001 QG298 PLU** 7.2 0.59±0.143/0.047 dy L07a

(145480) 2005 TB190 SDO 4.7 4.58±0.22 ?375±45 0.19±0.05 V th M10a

4.58±0.22 372.5±37.5 0.195±0.045 V th M10a

(148780) Altjira 2001 UQ18 CUB** 5.7 6.55±0.21 <200 C >0.1 V th B09a

164±36 P [148] 0.1±0.04 V dy G11a

(182934) 2002 GJ32 CUB 5.4 6.12±0.13 224±88/70 0.12±0.14/0.06 V th B09a

(208996) 2003 AZ84 PLU** 3.6 685.8±98.8/95.5 0.1232±0.0431/0.0291 V th S08a

3.83±0.04 ?896±55 C 0.065±0.008 V th M10a

3.83±0.04 910±60 C 0.07±0.02 V th M10a

(248835) 2006 SX368 CEN 9.5 9.5 ?79±9 0.05±0.01 V th M10a

9.5 75±5 0.055±0.005 V th M10a

(275809) 2001 QY297 CUB** 5.6 164±36 P [150] 0.225±0.095 V dy G11a

1996 TS66 CUB 6.6 6.48±0.16 194±54/38 0.12±0.072/0.047 V th B09a

1998 WW31 CUB** 6.1 148 P 123 0.054±0.005 R dy V02a

152±35 P 0.06±0.026 R dy G05a

145±33 P [121] 0.16±0.07 V dy* G11a

148±6 P 0.054±0.004 R dy* P11a

1999 OJ4 TNO** 7.1 7.344±0.012 75±17 P [72] 0.215±0.095 G dy G09a

75±17 P [72] 0.225±0.095 V dy* G11a

2000 CF105 TNO** 6.9 63.6±1.2/1.6 P [46] 0.3±0.04/0.03 R dy P11a

2000 QL251 RES 1:2** 6.6 7.148±0.016 148±34 P [143] 0.07±0.03 G dy G09a

150±34 P [142] 0.07±0.03 V dy* G11a

2001 KA77 CUB 5.0 5.608±0.042 634±134/92 0.025±0.0095/0.008 V th B09a

2001 QC298 CUB** 6.1 244±55 P 0.025±0.011 R dy G05a

243±57 P [198] 0.05±0.02 V dy* G11a

2001 QD298 CUB 5.7 6.68±0.08 146±54/42 0.18±0.17/0.08 V th B09a

2001 QR322 NT L4 8.2 8.11±0.02 132±24 0.058±0.029/0.016 V th B09a

2001 QS322 CUB 6.4 6.22±0.5 <200 >0.15 V th B09a

2001 QW322 CUB** 7.8 108 P 108 0.16 R dy P08a

128±2/4 P [126] 0.093±0.01/0.006 R dy P11a

2001 RZ143 CUB** 6.4 6.23±0.5 <160 C >0.23 V th B09a

2001 XR254 CUB** 5.7 6.03±0.017 169±39 P [140] 0.155±0.065 G dy G09a

169±39 P [139] 0.16±0.07 V dy* G11a

2002 KW14 CUB 5.0 5.959±0.06 <360 >0.05 V th B09a

2002 MS4 CUB 3.7 726.2±123.2/122.9 0.0841±0.0378/0.0226 V th S08a

730±118/120 0.073±0.058/0.032 V th* B09a

2002 VT130 CUB** 5.8 5.95±0.5 <240 C >0.13 V th B09a

2003 QW111 RES 4:7** 6.5 142±32 P [84] 0.135±0.055 V dy G11a

2003 QX111 PLU 6.8 6.76±0.5 434±132/86 0.018±0.017/0.009 V th B09a

2003 QY90 CUB** 6.4 81±19 P [80] 0.31±0.13 V dy G11a

2003 TJ58 TNO** 8.0 7.448±0.024 65±15 P [51] 0.285±0.125 G dy G09a

65±15 P [51] 0.295±0.125 V dy* G11a

2003 UN284 CUB** 7.4 124±6/10 P [83] 0.09±0.03/0.01 R dy P11a

2004 PB108 TNO** 6.6 7.083±0.016 241±55 P [131] 0.035±0.015 G dy G09a

243±57 P [132] 0.035±0.015 V dy* G11a

2005 EO304 TNO** 6.3 152.4±2/1.8 P [78] 0.15±0.01/0.01 R dy P11a

2006 BR284 TNO** 6.9 89.8±0.8/1 P [71] 0.22±0.01/0.01 R dy P11a

2006 CH69 TNO** 6.6 100±12/10 P [82] 0.23±0.09/0.06 R dy P11a

2006 JZ81 TNO** 6.7 122±20/12 P [78] 0.17±0.07/0.06 R dy P11a

number/name	prov. des.	type	H	H_V	diameter (km)	secondary diameter (km)	albedo	density (g/cm³)	meth	source
(134340) Pluto		PLU*****	-0.7		2302±12 P		0.525±0.085 B		ec	T90a
	2320±23 P		0.6 V		im	A94a
	2328±45.8 P				ec	Y94a
	<2408 P				oc	A96a
	2200±90 P		0.72±0.12 R			G05a
	2350±50 P			1.92±0.12		P06a
	2346±20/40 P				oc	Z11a
(134340) I = Charon		SAT	[0.9]			1186±26	0.378±0.015 B		ec	T90a
		1285±26	0.285±0.015 V		im	A94a
		1242±41.2			ec	Y94a
		1260±90	0.37±0.02 R			G05a
		1212±3		1.63±0.07	oc	P06a
(2060) Chiron	1977 UB	CEN	6.3	6.9	[180±11]		0.14±0.06/0.03 G		th	C94a
	168±20		0.13±0.04/0.03 V		th	A95a
	179.2±13.6				oc	B96a
	160±20		0.14±0.02 G		th	G00a
	148±8		0.17±0.02 G		th	F02a
7.28±0.08	142±10		0.11±0.02 G		th	G04a
	233.3±14.7/14.4		0.0757±0.0103/0.0087 V		th	S08a
(5145) Pholus	1992 AD	CEN	7.1		189±26		0.044±0.013 V		th	D93a
	185±16		[0.043±0.02] V		th	D96a
	140±40		0.08±0.07/0.03 V		th	S08a
(7066) Nessus	1993 HA2	CEN	9.6		60±16		0.065±0.053/0.025 V		th	S08a
(8405) Asbolus	1995 GO	CEN	9.0		66±4		0.12±0.03 G		th	F02a
	77.5±7.5		0.095±0.015 V		th	S05a
	84.2±7.8		0.0546±0.0127/0.0086 V		th	S08a
(10199) Chariklo	1997 CU26	CEN	6.6		302±30		0.045±0.01 G		th	J98a
	273±19		0.055±0.008 V		th	A01a
6.7±0.2	236±12		0.07±0.01 G		th	G04a
	225±25		0.1±0.02 V		th	S05a
	258.6±10.3		0.0573±0.0049/0.0042 V		th	S08a
(10370) Hylonome	1995 DW2	CEN	8.6		70±20		0.062±0.05/0.03 V		th	S08a
(15789)	1993 SC	PLU	7.0		328±58/66		0.022±0.013/0.006 G		th	T00a
	398±108/171		0.035±0.016/0.013 R		th	G05a
(15874)	1996 TL66	SDO	5.4		632±84/98		0.03±0.012/0.007 G		th	T00a
	<958		>0.018 R		th	G05a
	575±116/115		0.035±0.02/0.011 V		th	S08a
(15875)	1996 TP66	PLU	6.9		350±50		0.03±0.01 V		th	S05a
	160±45		0.074±0.07/0.03 V		th	S08a
(19308)	1996 TO66	HAU	4.5		<897		>0.04 G		th	A04a
	<902		>0.033 R		th	G05a
(19521) Chaos	1998 WH24	CUB	4.8		<742		>0.04 G		th	A04a
	<747		>0.058 R		th	G05a
(20000) Varuna	2000 WR106	CUB	3.6		900±129/145		0.07±0.03/0.017 R		th	J01a
	1060±180/220		0.038±0.022/0.01 V		th	L02a
	936±238/324		0.037±0.011/0.014 R		th	G05a
	600±150		0.21±0.09 V		th	S05a
				0.992±0.086/0.015	dy	L07a
	500±100		0.16±0.1/0.08 V		th	S08a
	714±178/128		0.088±0.042/0.031 V		th*	B09a
(24835)	1995 SM55	HAU	4.8		<701		>0.04 G		th	A04a
	<704		>0.067 R		th	G05a
(26308)	1998 SM165	RES 1:2**	5.8		238±54 P		0.14±0.06 R		dy	G05a
	287±36 P	96±12	0.07±0.02 V	0.51±0.29/0.14	th/dy	S06b
	279.8±29.7/28.6 C		0.0633±0.0153/0.0116 V		th	S08a
	229±51 P	[66]	0.105±0.045 V		dy*	G11a
(26375)	1999 DE9	RES 2:5	5.1		461±46.1/45.3		0.0685±0.0158/0.0119 V		th	S08a
(28978) Ixion	2001 KX76	PLU	3.3		1055±165		0.09		th	B02a
	<804		>0.15 G		th	A04a
	<822		>0.148 R		th	G05a
	475±75		0.375±0.125 V		th	S05a
	650±260/220		0.12±0.14/0.06 V		th	S08a
(29981)	1999 TD10	CEN	8.7		90±15		0.075±0.025 V		th	S05a
	103.7±13.6/13.5		0.044±0.0142/0.0096 V		th	S08a
(31824) Elatus	1999 UG5	CEN	10.1		30±8		0.1±0.04/0.03 V		th	S08a
(32532) Thereus	2001 PT13	CEN	9.0		80±5		0.0975±0.0125 V		th	S05a
	87.8±9.5/9.4		0.0428±0.0109/0.008 V		th	S08a
(35671)	1998 SN165	TNO	5.6		460±60/80		0.043±0.018/0.012 V		th	S08a
(38628) Huya	2000 EB173	PLU	4.9		<540		>0.08 G		th	A04a
	<548		>0.084 R		th	G05a
	480±50		0.11±0.02 V		th	S05a
	532.6±25.1/24.4		0.0504±0.005/0.0041 V		th	S08a
(42355) Typhon	2002 CR46	CEN**	7.5		155±15 C		0.1±0.02 V		th	S05a
	175±17/20 C		0.051±0.013/0.009 V		th	S08a
7.68±0.04	144±10 C		0.075±0.01 V	0.66±0.09/0.08	th	M10a
7.68±0.04	?138±9 C		0.08±0.01 V		th	M10a
	112±26 P	[62]	0.09±0.04 V		dy*	G11a
(47171)	1999 TC36	PLU***	4.9		675±100 C		0.035		th	B02a
	609±93/47 C		0.05±0.01 G		th	A04a
	301±68 P		0.22±0.01 R		dy	G05a
	375±50 C		0.15±0.04 V	0.68±0.13	th	S05a
	405±65/55 C		0.079±0.031/0.021 V	0.5±0.3/0.2	th/dy	S06a
	379 P	133			th/dy	S06a
	414.6±38.8/38.2 C		0.0718±0.0153/0.0117 V		th	S08a
	281±45/38 P	258±41/35 135±22/18		0.582±0.317/0.211	dy	B09b
(47932)	2000 GN171	PLU	6.0		321±57.4/54.2		0.0568±0.0254/0.0159 V		th	S08a
(50000) Quaoar	2002 LM60	CUB**	2.6		1260±190 P		[0.0965±0.039/0.024] V		im	B04a
	1260±190 P		0.1±0.03 R		im	G05a
	844±207/190 C		0.199±0.132/0.07 V		th	S08a
2.739±0.011	908±112/118 C		0.172±0.055/0.036 V		th	B09a
	830±178/142 C		0.206±0.093/0.066 V		th*	B09a
(52872) Okyrhoe	1998 SG35	CEN	10.9		45±5		0.03±0.005 V		th	S05a
	52.1±6.9		0.0249±0.0081/0.0055 V		th	S08a
(52975) Cyllarus	1998 TF35	CEN	9.4		62±20/18		0.115±0.09/0.05 V		th	S08a
(54598) Bienor	2000 QC243	CEN	7.5		175±25		0.055±0.015 V		th	S05a
	206.7±30.1		0.0344±0.0127/0.0082 V		th	S08a
(55565)	2002 AW197	CUB	3.4		700±50		0.17±0.03 G		th	C05a
	886±115/131		0.101±0.038/0.022 R		th	G05a
	700±50		0.17±0.03 V		th	S05a
	734.6±116.4/108.3		0.1177±0.0442/0.03 V		th	S08a
	742±98/104		0.115±0.041/0.025 V		th*	B09a
(55576) Amycus	2002 GB10	CEN	7.8		76.3±12.5		0.1796±0.0777/0.047 V		th	S08a
(55636)	2002 TX300	HAU	3.2		<907		>0.084 V		th	O04a
	<709		>0.19 R		th	G05a
	<800		>0.1 V		th	S08a
	<420		>0.41 V		th*	B09a
(55637)	2002 UX25	CUB**	3.7		681.2±115.6/114 C		0.115±0.0509/0.0309 V		th	S08a
	680±106/108 C		0.111±0.049/0.03 V		th*	B09a
(58534) Logos	1997 CQ29	CUB**	6.6		80 P	66	[0.29] V		dy	N04a
	77±18 P		0.39±0.17 R		dy	G05a
	82±18 P	[67]	0.195±0.085 V		dy	G11a
	82.2±0.4 P		0.28±0.02 R		dy*	P11a
(60558) Echeclus	2000 EC98	CEN	9.4		70±15		0.125±0.045 V		th	S05a
	83.6±15/15.2		0.0383±0.0189/0.0108 V		th	S08a
(63252)	2001 BL41	CEN	11.7		35±7/8		0.039±0.025/0.013 V		th	S08a
(65489) Ceto	2003 FX128	CEN**	6.3	6.614±0.021	87±8/9 P	66±6/7	0.084±0.021/0.014 G	1.37±0.66/0.32	th	G07a
	229.7±18.6/18.2 C		0.0767±0.0138/0.011 V		th	S08a
	189±43 P	[145]	0.09±0.04 V		dy*	G11a
(66652) Borasisi	1999 RZ253	CUB**	5.9		166 P	137	[0.15] V		dy	N04b
	170±39 P		0.29±0.12 R		dy	G05a
	160±36 P	[130]	0.175±0.075 V		dy	G11a
	163.2±0.4 P		0.192±0.009 R		dy*	P11a
(73480)	2002 PN34	CEN	8.6		119.5±10.3/10.2		0.0425±0.0083/0.0065 V		th	S08a
(79360)	1997 CS29	CUB**	5.3	5.65±0.09	?402±69 C		0.06±0.02 V		th	M10a
5.65±0.09	335±85 C		0.1±0.04 V		th	M10a
(82075)	2000 YW134	SDO	4.9	4.88±0.05	<500		>0.08 V		th	M10a
(83982) Crantor	2002 GO9	CEN	8.8		60±15/13		0.11±0.07/0.04 V		th	S08a
(84522)	2002 TC302	RES 2:5	3.8		<1195		>0.04 G		th	A04a
	<1211		>0.051 R		th	G05a
	1150±337/325		0.031±0.029/0.012 V		th	S08a
(88611) Teharonhiawako	2001 QT297	CUB**	5.8		88±11 P		0.115±0.025	***	dy	O03a
	168±38 P		0.1±0.04 R		dy	G05a
	147±33 P	[106]	0.275±0.115 V		dy	G11a
	152±0.6 P		0.147±0.003 R		dy*	P11a
(90377) Sedna	2003 VB12	SDO OC	1.6		<1800		>0.046 R		th/im	G05a
	<1600		>0.16 V		th	S08a
(90482) Orcus	2004 DW	PLU**	2.3		946.3±74.1/72.3 C		0.1972±0.034/0.0276 V		th	S08a
2.17±0.05	940±70 C		0.28±0.04 G	1.6±0.3	th	B10a
2.43±0.07	850±90 C		0.27±0.07/0.05 V		th	L10a
2.43±0.07	829±119/43 C		0.28±0.04/0.06 V		th	L10a
	[830]	[370]	0.3		dy	O10a
	1040±240 P	[313]	0.18±0.08 V		dy*	G11a
(90568)	2004 GV9	CUB	4.0		677.2±71.3/69.3		0.0805±0.0194/0.0146 V		th	S08a
	684±68/78		0.073±0.049/0.029 V		th*	B09a
(119951)	2002 KX14	TNO	4.4		<440		>0.1 V		th*	B09a
4.89±0.03	180±50/38		0.6±0.36/0.23 V		th	B09a
(120061)	2003 CO1	CEN	8.9		76.9±8.5/8.4		0.0574±0.0149/0.0109 V		th	S08a
(120347) Salacia	2004 SB60	CUB**	4.2		930±210 P	[320]	0.02±0.01 V		dy*	G11a
(123509)	2000 WK183	CUB**	6.6		106±24 P	[101]	0.18±0.08 V		dy	G11a
(126154)	2001 YH140	RES 3:5	5.5	5.8±0.2	345±45		0.08±0.02 V		th	M10a
5.8±0.2	?349±81		0.08±0.05 V		th	M10a
(134860)	2000 OJ67	CUB**	6.1	6.471±0.01	138±32 P	[108]	0.16±0.07 G		dy	G09a
	138±32 P	[107]	0.16±0.07 V		dy*	G11a
(135182)	2001 QT322	TNO	6.2	6.4±0.5	<160		>0.21 V		th	B09a
(136108) Haumea	2003 EL61	HAU***	0.2	0.487±0.016	[1380±56] P		0.665±0.065 V	2.97±0.37	lc/dy	R05a
	P			2.551±0.115/0.01	dy	L07a
	1150±250/100 C		0.84±0.1/0.2 V		th	S08a
0.425	1324±167 C		0.698±0.189 V		th	L10b
	1438 C		0.725 V	2.57	th	L10b
(136199) Eris	2003 UB313	SDO**	-1.2		3000±400 C		0.6±0.15 R		th	B06a
	2400±100 P		0.86±0.07 V		im	B06b
	2600±400/200 C		0.7±0.15/0.2 V		th	S08a
	<2320 P				oc	M10b
	3260±740 P	[149]	0.55±0.24 V		dy*	G11a
(136472) Makemake	2005 FY9	CUB	-0.4		1500±400/200		0.8±0.1/0.2 V		th	S08a
0.14±0.05	1420±60		*0.8±0.1 V		th	L10a
(138537)	2000 OK67	CUB	5.9	6.5±0.1	<160		>0.16 V		th	B09a
(139775)	2001 QG298	PLU**	7.2					0.59±0.143/0.047	dy	L07a
(145480)	2005 TB190	SDO	4.7	4.58±0.22	?375±45		0.19±0.05 V		th	M10a
4.58±0.22	372.5±37.5		0.195±0.045 V		th	M10a
(148780) Altjira	2001 UQ18	CUB**	5.7	6.55±0.21	<200 C		>0.1 V		th	B09a
	164±36 P	[148]	0.1±0.04 V		dy	G11a
(182934)	2002 GJ32	CUB	5.4	6.12±0.13	224±88/70		0.12±0.14/0.06 V		th	B09a
(208996)	2003 AZ84	PLU**	3.6		685.8±98.8/95.5		0.1232±0.0431/0.0291 V		th	S08a
3.83±0.04	?896±55 C		0.065±0.008 V		th	M10a
3.83±0.04	910±60 C		0.07±0.02 V		th	M10a
(248835)	2006 SX368	CEN	9.5	9.5	?79±9		0.05±0.01 V		th	M10a
9.5	75±5		0.055±0.005 V		th	M10a
(275809)	2001 QY297	CUB**	5.6		164±36 P	[150]	0.225±0.095 V		dy	G11a
	1996 TS66	CUB	6.6	6.48±0.16	194±54/38		0.12±0.072/0.047 V		th	B09a
	1998 WW31	CUB**	6.1		148 P	123	0.054±0.005 R		dy	V02a
	152±35 P		0.06±0.026 R		dy	G05a
	145±33 P	[121]	0.16±0.07 V		dy*	G11a
	148±6 P		0.054±0.004 R		dy*	P11a
	1999 OJ4	TNO**	7.1	7.344±0.012	75±17 P	[72]	0.215±0.095 G		dy	G09a
	75±17 P	[72]	0.225±0.095 V		dy*	G11a
	2000 CF105	TNO**	6.9		63.6±1.2/1.6 P	[46]	0.3±0.04/0.03 R		dy	P11a
	2000 QL251	RES 1:2**	6.6	7.148±0.016	148±34 P	[143]	0.07±0.03 G		dy	G09a
	150±34 P	[142]	0.07±0.03 V		dy*	G11a
	2001 KA77	CUB	5.0	5.608±0.042	634±134/92		0.025±0.0095/0.008 V		th	B09a
	2001 QC298	CUB**	6.1		244±55 P		0.025±0.011 R		dy	G05a
	243±57 P	[198]	0.05±0.02 V		dy*	G11a
	2001 QD298	CUB	5.7	6.68±0.08	146±54/42		0.18±0.17/0.08 V		th	B09a
	2001 QR322	NT L4	8.2	8.11±0.02	132±24		0.058±0.029/0.016 V		th	B09a
	2001 QS322	CUB	6.4	6.22±0.5	<200		>0.15 V		th	B09a
	2001 QW322	CUB**	7.8		108 P	108	0.16 R		dy	P08a
	128±2/4 P	[126]	0.093±0.01/0.006 R		dy	P11a
	2001 RZ143	CUB**	6.4	6.23±0.5	<160 C		>0.23 V		th	B09a
	2001 XR254	CUB**	5.7	6.03±0.017	169±39 P	[140]	0.155±0.065 G		dy	G09a
	169±39 P	[139]	0.16±0.07 V		dy*	G11a
	2002 KW14	CUB	5.0	5.959±0.06	<360		>0.05 V		th	B09a
	2002 MS4	CUB	3.7		726.2±123.2/122.9		0.0841±0.0378/0.0226 V		th	S08a
	730±118/120		0.073±0.058/0.032 V		th*	B09a
	2002 VT130	CUB**	5.8	5.95±0.5	<240 C		>0.13 V		th	B09a
	2003 QW111	RES 4:7**	6.5		142±32 P	[84]	0.135±0.055 V		dy	G11a
	2003 QX111	PLU	6.8	6.76±0.5	434±132/86		0.018±0.017/0.009 V		th	B09a
	2003 QY90	CUB**	6.4		81±19 P	[80]	0.31±0.13 V		dy	G11a
	2003 TJ58	TNO**	8.0	7.448±0.024	65±15 P	[51]	0.285±0.125 G		dy	G09a
	65±15 P	[51]	0.295±0.125 V		dy*	G11a
	2003 UN284	CUB**	7.4		124±6/10 P	[83]	0.09±0.03/0.01 R		dy	P11a
	2004 PB108	TNO**	6.6	7.083±0.016	241±55 P	[131]	0.035±0.015 G		dy	G09a
	243±57 P	[132]	0.035±0.015 V		dy*	G11a
	2005 EO304	TNO**	6.3		152.4±2/1.8 P	[78]	0.15±0.01/0.01 R		dy	P11a
	2006 BR284	TNO**	6.9		89.8±0.8/1 P	[71]	0.22±0.01/0.01 R		dy	P11a
	2006 CH69	TNO**	6.6		100±12/10 P	[82]	0.23±0.09/0.06 R		dy	P11a
	2006 JZ81	TNO**	6.7		122±20/12 P	[78]	0.17±0.07/0.06 R		dy	P11a

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