Solar System Objects: Data for Largest Objects

compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
last updated 13 November 2021

Tables include all solar system objects with diameters (measured or estimated) of at least 700 km. This includes 48 objects: Satellites are listed after their primaries with satellite names/designations indented. ID indicates star (*), planet (P), planetary/dwarf planetary satellite (S), dwarf planet (D), asteroid (A), trans-Neptunian object (T), satellite of asteroid or trans-Neptunian object (M), or comet (C). Inclination is relative to the ecliptic for Sun-orbiting objects and irregular satellites, and is relative to the planet's equator for other satellites.

For diameter/axial dimension figures, a single given figure is mean diameter; for triaxial figures, (a x b) are equatorial and (c) is polar. Under rotation period, negative figures indicate retrograde rotation and "SYN" indicates synchronous rotation with respect to primary.

Orbital data

objectidsemimajor axisorbital periodorbital
eccentricity
orbit inclin.
(km)(AU)(days)(years)(°)
Sun * N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Mercury P 57,909,100 0.387098 87.96917 0.2408420.20564 7.0056
Venus P 108,207,300 0.723321 224.69556 0.6151720.00676 3.3978
Earth P 149,597,900 1.000000 365.25596 1.0000000.01673 0.0005
    I Moon S 384,400 0.002570 27.322 0.0748020.0554 23.43
Mars P 227,944,100 1.523712 686.99919 1.8808510.09337 1.8518
(1) Ceres D/A 413,951,700 2.767096 1,681.25 4.6029510.11620 9.6474
Jupiter P 778,280,000 5.202480 4,332.171 11.8663080.04854 1.2986
    I Io S 421,800 0.002820 1.769 0.0048430.0041 0.036
    II Europa S 671,100 0.004486 3.551 0.0097220.0094 0.466
    III GanymedeS 1,070,400 0.007155 7.155 0.0195890.0013 0.177
    IV Callisto S 1,882,700 0.012585 16.69 0.0456940.0074 0.192
Saturn P 1,426,698,000 9.541499 10,758.53 29.4730390.05551 2.4942
    III Tethys S 294,672 0.001970 1.888 0.0051690.0001 1.091
    IV Dione S 377,415 0.002525 2.737 0.0074930.0022 0.028
    V Rhea S 527,068 0.003523 4.518 0.0123690.001 0.333
    VI Titan S 1,221,865 0.008168 15.95 0.0436680.0288 0.306
    VIII IapetusS 3,560,854 0.023803 79.33 0.2171900.0293 8.298
Uranus P 2,870,480,900 19.187979 30,680.49 84.05119 0.04686 0.7730
    I Ariel S 190,900 0.001276 2.5205 0.0069010.0012 0.02
    II Umbriel S 266,000 0.001778 4.1444 0.0113470.0039 0.08
    III Titania S 436,300 0.002916 8.7062 0.0238360.0012 0.11
    IV Oberon S 583,500 0.003900 13.4643 0.0368630.0014 0.15
Neptune P 4,498,337,300 30.069528 60,186.23 164.88833 0.00895 1.7701
    I Triton S 354,759 0.0023714 5.8769 0.0160900.00034 156.904
(90482) Orcus T 5,902,200,000 39.454 90,517 247.82 0.254 21.186
(134340) Pluto D/T 5,902,400,000 39.455 90,521 247.83 0.242 16.086
    I Charon S 19,573 0.0001308 6.38723 0.0174870.0000 0.000
(208996) 2003 AZ84 T 5,902,500,000 39.456 90,524 247.84 0.169 15.567
(307261) 2002 MS4 T 6,247,000,000 41.76 98,568 269.9 0.154 18.67
(24835) 1995 SM55 T 6,259,800,000 41.844 98,865 270.68 0.101 26.792
(120347) Salacia T 6,297,800,000 42.098 99,767 273.14 0.104 25.573
(136108) Haumea D/T 6,451,900,000 43.128 103,451 283.23 0.205 26.51
(50000) Quaoar T 6,524,900,000 43.616 105,212 288.05 0.042 7.99
(136472) Makemake D?/T 6,815,400,000 45.558 112,316 307.50 0.157 27.570
(174567) Varda T 6,849,300,000 45.785 113,156 309.80 0.149 21.25
(55565) 2002 AW197 T 7,072,500,000 47.277 118,732 325.07 0.125 26.008
(589683) 2010 RF43 T 7,386,000,000 49.37 126,700 346.9 0.257 30.04
(523692) 2014 EZ51 T 7,806,300,000 52.182 137,681 376.95 0.229 9.802
(532037) 2013 FY27 T 8,711,000,000 58.23 162,300 444.3 0.395 32.900
(225088) Gonggong D?/T10,050,200,000 67.186 201,147 550.70 0.448 34.682
(136199) Eris D/T10,161,600,000 67.926 204,479 559.83 0.447 43.217
    I Dysnomia S 37,500 0.000251 15.78586 0.0432190.00 61.1
(574372) 2010 JO179 T 11,725,200,000 78.378 253,446 693.89 0.495 31.012
(523794) 2015 RR245 T 12,277,300,000 82.069 271,558 743.48 0.587 7.935
2018 VG18 T 12,283,000,000 82.11 271,760 744.0 0.54 25.0
[V774104] T 15,410,000,000103 382,000 1,050 15.0
(90377) Sedna T 78,402,900,000507.65 4,382,400 11,437.9 0.850 10.711

Physical data and discovery dates

objectiddiameter/axial dimensions (km)densitymasssurface
gravity
rotation
period
discovery
date
first
spacecraft
exploration
known
satellites
a or eq.b or eq.c or polar(kg/m3)(Earth=1)(Earth=1)(days)
Sun * 1,392,5301,392,5301,392,5181,406.4332946.049 27.877 25.38 N/ANOV 20181,123,812+
Mercury P 4,881 4,879 4,8775,429.1 0.05527307 0.377 58.64615 N/AMAR 1974 -
Venus P 12,105 12,104 12,1035,242.5 0.81499809 0.903-243.01848 N/AMAY 1961 -
Earth P 12,756 12,756 12,7145,513.4 1.00000000 1.000 0.99726957 N/A N/A 1
    I Moon S 3,476 3,476 3,4713,345.6 0.01230004 0.165 SYN N/AJAN 1959 -
Mars P 6,801 6,788 6,7553,929.9 0.10744689 0.379 1.02595676 N/AJUL 1965 2
(1) Ceres D/A 966 962 8922,162 0.00015712 0.029 0.37809042 1 JAN 1801MAR 2015 -
Jupiter P 142,984 142,984 133,7061,326.2 317.828386 2.639 0.413538 N/ADEC 197379
    I Io S 3,659 3,638 3,6323,527 0.01495211 0.183 SYN 8 JAN 1610MAR 1979 -
    II Europa S 3,125 3,121 3,1193,013 0.00803496 0.134 SYN 8 JAN 1610MAR 1979 -
    III GanymedeS 5,269 5,266 5,2631,937.6 0.02480638 0.145 SYN 7 JAN 1610MAR 1979 -
    IV Callisto S 4,821 4,821 4,8211,834 0.01801125 0.126 SYN 7 JAN 1610MAR 1979 -
Saturn P 120,536 120,536 108,728 687.1 95.160979 1.139 0.444009 N/ASEP 197985
    III Tethys S 1,077 1,057 1,053 984 0.00010338 0.015 SYN 21 MAR 1684NOV 1980 -
    IV Dione S 1,127 1,123 1,1191,478 0.00018343 0.024 SYN 21 MAR 1684NOV 1980 -
    V Rhea S 1,531 1,527 1,5261,234 0.00038621 0.027 SYN 23 DEC 1672NOV 1980 -
    VI Titan S 5,150 5,149 5,1491,881.4 0.02252416 0.138 SYN 25 MAR 1655NOV 1980 -
    VIII IapetusS 1,492 1,491 1,4241,083 0.00030232 0.023 SYN 25 OCT 1671NOV 1980 -
Uranus P 51,118 51,118 49,9451,270 14.53574 0.917 -0.71833 13 MAR 1781JAN 198627
    I Ariel S 1,162 1,156 1,1551,540 0.000209 0.025 SYN 24 OCT 1851JAN 1986 -
    II Umbriel S 1,169 1,169 1,1691,523 0.000214 0.025 SYN 24 OCT 1851JAN 1986 -
    III Titania S 1,578 1,578 1,5781,714 0.000590 0.038 SYN 11 JAN 1787JAN 1986 -
    IV Oberon S 1,523 1,523 1,5231,630 0.000505 0.035 SYN 11 JAN 1787JAN 1986 -
Neptune P 49,530 49,530 48,6801,638 17.14775 1.148 0.6653 23 SEP 1846AUG 198914
    I Triton S 2,709 2,706 2,7052,060 0.003582 0.079 SYN 10 OCT 1846AUG 1989 -
(90482) Orcus T 935 899 1,530 0.000106 0.020 9.54 17 FEB 2004 - 1
(134340) Pluto D/T 2,375 2,375 2,3751,857 0.002182 0.063 6.387227 2 MAR 1930JUL 2015 5
    I Charon S 1,211 1,211 1,2111,707 0.000266 0.029 SYN 13 APR 1978JUL 2015 -
(208996) 2003 AZ84 T 747 699 >850 ? ? 0.56 13 JAN 2003 - 1
(307261) 2002 MS4 T 797 ? ? ? ? 18 JUN 2002 - -
(24835) 1995 SM55 T 766 644 ? ? ? 0.168 19 SEP 1995 - -
(120347) Salacia T 896 845 1,300 0.0000733 0.015 0.27 22 SEP 2004 - 1
(136108) Haumea D/T 2,320 1,704 1,0301,880 0.000671 0.043 0.16314 7 MAR 2003 - 2
(50000) Quaoar T 1,163 985 2,200 0.00023 0.031 0.73662 4 JUN 2002 - 1
(136472) Makemake D?/T 1,430 1,430 1,4201,700 0.00044 0.035 0.951108 31 MAR 2005 - 1
(174567) Varda T 719 691 1,300 0.000044 0.014 0.246 21 JUN 2003 - 1
(55565) 2002 AW197 T 774 717 ? ? ? 0.369 10 JAN 2002 - -
(589683) 2010 RF43 T 700 ? ? ? ? 6 SEP 2010 - -
(523692) 2014 EZ51 T 730 ? ? ? ? 18 APR 2010 - -
(532037) 2013 FY27 T 740 ? ? ? ? 17 MAR 2013 - 1
(225088) Gonggong D?/T 1,230 1,740 0.00038 0.041 1.87 17 JUL 2007 - -
(136199) Eris D/T 2,330 2,330 2,3302,520 0.00276 0.083 1.08 21 OCT 2003 - 1
    I Dysnomia S 700 ? ? ? 15.7589 10 SEP 2005 - -
(574372) 2010 JO179 T 720 ? ? ? ? 10 MAY 2010 - -
(523794) 2015 RR245 T 770 ? ? ? ? 9 SEP 2015 - -
2018 VG18 T 770 ? ? ? ? 10 NOV 2018 - -
[V774104] T 700 ? ? ? ? OCT 2015 - -
(90377) Sedna T 1,005 985 ? ? ? 0.428 14 NOV 2003 - -

For those objects above with known satellites, numbers of satellites are:

© 2001-2015, 2021 by Wm. Robert Johnston.
Last modified 13 November 2021.
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