Solar system objects: data for largest objects

Solar System Objects: Data for Largest Objects

compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
last updated 21 November 2007

Tables include all solar system objects with diameters (measured or estimated) of at least 700 km. This includes 46 objects:

the Sun;
the 8 planets;
the 1 dwarf planet/asteroid;
the 2 dwarf planets/trans-Neptunian objects;
16 planetary satellites; and
19 trans-Neptunian objects.

Satellites are listed after their primaries with satellite names/designations indented. ID indicates star (*), planet (P), planetary satellite (S), dwarf planet (D), asteroid (A), trans-Neptunian object (T), satellite of asteroid or trans-Neptunian object (M), or comet (C). Inclination is relative to the ecliptic for Sun-orbiting objects and irregular satellites, and is relative to the planet's equator for other satellites.

For diameter/axial dimension figures, one figure is average diameter; two figures (a x b) are equatorial and polar diameters; and three figures (a x b x c) are triaxial ellipsoid axes. Under rotation period, negative figures indicate retrograde rotation and "SYN" indicates synchronous rotation with respect to primary.

Orbital data

object id semimajor axis orbital period orbital
eccentricity orbit inclin.

(km) (AU) (days) (years) (°)

SUN * N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

MERCURY P 57,909,180 0.38709897 87.9691 0.240842 0.205632 7.00448

VENUS P 108,208,930 0.72333205 224.7006 0.615186 0.00677 3.39466

EARTH P 149,597,890 1.00000011 365.2564 1 0.016708 0.00073

    Moon S 384,400 0.00257 27.32166156 0.074801 0.054900489 5.1453964

MARS P 227,936,000 1.523658 686.9563 1.880751 0.093419 1.85019

(1) Ceres D/A 413,974,000 2.765979 1,680.24 4.60016 0.080014 10.586

JUPITER P 778,417,000 5.203399 4,333.325 11.86379 0.048385 1.30523

    Io S 421,800 0.00282 1.769137786 0.004844 0.0041 0.036

    Europa S 671,100 0.004486 3.551181041 0.009722 0.0094 0.466

    Ganymede S 1,070,400 0.007155 7.15455296 0.019588 0.0013 0.177

    Callisto S 1,882,700 0.012586 16.6890184 0.045691 0.0074 0.192

SATURN P 1,426,698,000 9.536889 10,750.74 29.4334 0.054129 2.48456

    Tethys S 294,670 0.001970 1.88780216 0.005168 0.0001 1.091

    Dione S 377,420 0.002523 2.736914742 0.007493 0.0022 0.028

    Rhea S 527,070 0.003523 4.517500436 0.012368 0.001 0.331

    Titan S 1,221,870 0.008168 15.94542068 0.043655 0.0288 0.28

    Iapetus S 3,560,840 0.023803 79.3301825 0.217190 0.0283 7.489

URANUS P 2,870,986,000 19.191355 30,509.90 83.53 0.047156 0.76983

    Ariel S 190,900 0.001276 2.52037935 0.006900 0.0012 0.042

    Umbriel S 266,000 0.001778 4.1441772 0.011346 0.004 0.133

    Titania S 436,300 0.002916 8.7058717 0.023835 0.0012 0.112

    Oberon S 583,500 0.003900 13.4632389 0.036860 0.0013 0.069

NEPTUNE P 4,498,242,000 30.068888 59,823.90 163.786 0.008587 1.76911

    Triton S 354,800 0.002372 5.8768541 0.016090 0.000016 157.345

(90482) Orcus T 5,872,800,000 39.257 89,841 245.97 0.224 20.6

(84922) 2003 VS2 T 5,876,700,000 39.283 89,930 246.21 0.073 14.8

(134340) PLUTO D/T 5,955,200,000 39.808 91,739 251.16 0.254 17.1

    Charon S 19,662 0.000131 6.38723 0.017487 0.0072 0

(145452) 2005 RN43 T 6,230,500,000 41.648 98,172 268.78 0.024 19.3

(24835) 1995 SM55 T 6,236,000,000 41.685 98,303 269.13 0.102 27.1

2002 MS4 T 6,277,600,000 41.963 99,288 271.83 0.139 17.7

(20000) Varuna T 6,406,500,000 42.825 102,360 280.25 0.054 17.2

(145453) 2005 RR43 T 6,449,900,000 43.115 103,400 283.10 0.138 28.6

(55636) 2002 TX300 T 6,465,000,000 43.216 103,770 284.10 0.125 25.8

(136108) 2003 EL61 T 6,468,600,000 43.240 103,850 284.33 0.192 28.2

(19308) 1996 TO66 T 6,475,000,000 43.283 104,010 284.76 0.121 27.4

(50000) Quaoar T 6,524,400,000 43.613 105,200 288.02 0.038 8

(136472) 2005 FY9 T 6,813,100,000 45.543 112,260 307.35 0.158 29

(19521) Chaos T 6,814,000,000 45.549 112,280 307.41 0.1 12.1

2003 MW12 T 6,883,700,000 46.015 114,010 312.14 0.141 21.5

(55565) 2002 AW197 T 7,058,800,000 47.185 118,390 324.12 0.131 24.4

(84522) 2002 TC302 T 8,236,700,000 55.059 149,220 408.55 0.29 35.1

2006 QH181 T 9,432,100,000 63.050 182,860 500.64 0.383 19.3

(136199) ERIS D/T 10,140,300,000 67.784 203,840 558.07 0.439 44.1

2005 QU182 T 13,867,900,000 92.701 326,000 892.5 0.543 14

(90377) Sedna T 72,489,400,000 484.562 3,896,000 10,667 0.843 11.9

object	id	semimajor axis	orbital period	orbital eccentricity	orbit inclin.
(km)	(AU)	(days)	(years)	(°)
SUN	*	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
MERCURY	P	57,909,180	0.38709897	87.9691	0.240842	0.205632	7.00448
VENUS	P	108,208,930	0.72333205	224.7006	0.615186	0.00677	3.39466
EARTH	P	149,597,890	1.00000011	365.2564	1	0.016708	0.00073
Moon	S	384,400	0.00257	27.32166156	0.074801	0.054900489	5.1453964
MARS	P	227,936,000	1.523658	686.9563	1.880751	0.093419	1.85019
(1) Ceres	D/A	413,974,000	2.765979	1,680.24	4.60016	0.080014	10.586
JUPITER	P	778,417,000	5.203399	4,333.325	11.86379	0.048385	1.30523
Io	S	421,800	0.00282	1.769137786	0.004844	0.0041	0.036
Europa	S	671,100	0.004486	3.551181041	0.009722	0.0094	0.466
Ganymede	S	1,070,400	0.007155	7.15455296	0.019588	0.0013	0.177
Callisto	S	1,882,700	0.012586	16.6890184	0.045691	0.0074	0.192
SATURN	P	1,426,698,000	9.536889	10,750.74	29.4334	0.054129	2.48456
Tethys	S	294,670	0.001970	1.88780216	0.005168	0.0001	1.091
Dione	S	377,420	0.002523	2.736914742	0.007493	0.0022	0.028
Rhea	S	527,070	0.003523	4.517500436	0.012368	0.001	0.331
Titan	S	1,221,870	0.008168	15.94542068	0.043655	0.0288	0.28
Iapetus	S	3,560,840	0.023803	79.3301825	0.217190	0.0283	7.489
URANUS	P	2,870,986,000	19.191355	30,509.90	83.53	0.047156	0.76983
Ariel	S	190,900	0.001276	2.52037935	0.006900	0.0012	0.042
Umbriel	S	266,000	0.001778	4.1441772	0.011346	0.004	0.133
Titania	S	436,300	0.002916	8.7058717	0.023835	0.0012	0.112
Oberon	S	583,500	0.003900	13.4632389	0.036860	0.0013	0.069
NEPTUNE	P	4,498,242,000	30.068888	59,823.90	163.786	0.008587	1.76911
Triton	S	354,800	0.002372	5.8768541	0.016090	0.000016	157.345
(90482) Orcus	T	5,872,800,000	39.257	89,841	245.97	0.224	20.6
(84922) 2003 VS2	T	5,876,700,000	39.283	89,930	246.21	0.073	14.8
(134340) PLUTO	D/T	5,955,200,000	39.808	91,739	251.16	0.254	17.1
Charon	S	19,662	0.000131	6.38723	0.017487	0.0072	0
(145452) 2005 RN43	T	6,230,500,000	41.648	98,172	268.78	0.024	19.3
(24835) 1995 SM55	T	6,236,000,000	41.685	98,303	269.13	0.102	27.1
2002 MS4	T	6,277,600,000	41.963	99,288	271.83	0.139	17.7
(20000) Varuna	T	6,406,500,000	42.825	102,360	280.25	0.054	17.2
(145453) 2005 RR43	T	6,449,900,000	43.115	103,400	283.10	0.138	28.6
(55636) 2002 TX300	T	6,465,000,000	43.216	103,770	284.10	0.125	25.8
(136108) 2003 EL61	T	6,468,600,000	43.240	103,850	284.33	0.192	28.2
(19308) 1996 TO66	T	6,475,000,000	43.283	104,010	284.76	0.121	27.4
(50000) Quaoar	T	6,524,400,000	43.613	105,200	288.02	0.038	8
(136472) 2005 FY9	T	6,813,100,000	45.543	112,260	307.35	0.158	29
(19521) Chaos	T	6,814,000,000	45.549	112,280	307.41	0.1	12.1
2003 MW12	T	6,883,700,000	46.015	114,010	312.14	0.141	21.5
(55565) 2002 AW197	T	7,058,800,000	47.185	118,390	324.12	0.131	24.4
(84522) 2002 TC302	T	8,236,700,000	55.059	149,220	408.55	0.29	35.1
2006 QH181	T	9,432,100,000	63.050	182,860	500.64	0.383	19.3
(136199) ERIS	D/T	10,140,300,000	67.784	203,840	558.07	0.439	44.1
2005 QU182	T	13,867,900,000	92.701	326,000	892.5	0.543	14
(90377) Sedna	T	72,489,400,000	484.562	3,896,000	10,667	0.843	11.9

Physical data and discovery dates

object id diameter/axial dimensions (km) density mass surface
gravity rotation
period discovery
date

a or eq. b or pol. c (kg/m³) (Earth=1) (Earth=1) (days)

SUN * 1,391,000 1409 332946 27.89 25.38 N/A

MERCURY P 4,881 4,878 4,878 5427 0.055271 0.377 58.6462 N/A

VENUS P 12,103 12,103 5244.8 0.815 0.903 -243.0198 N/A

EARTH P 12,756 12,714 5514.8 1 1 0.99726968 N/A

    Moon S 3,477 3,476 3,475 3344 0.0123001 0.165 SYN N/A

MARS P 6,797 6,788 6,752 3933.5 0.10745 0.379 1.02595675 N/A

(1) Ceres D/A 950 920 1980 0.00014 0.026 0.3781 1 JAN 1801

JUPITER P 142,796 133,540 1326 317.8284 2.635 0.41351 N/A

    Io S 3,659 3,639 3,631 3528 0.014952 0.183 SYN 8 JAN 1610

    Europa S 3,128 3,122 3,122 3013 0.008035 0.133 SYN 8 JAN 1610

    Ganymede S 5,265 5,264 5,265 1942 0.024806 0.145 SYN 7 JAN 1610

    Callisto S 4,819 4,818 4,819 1834 0.018011 0.127 SYN 7 JAN 1610

SATURN P 120,660 107,670 687.3 95.1609 1.136 0.444009 N/A

    Tethys S 1,081 1,062 1,055 973 0.0001033 0.015 21 MAR 1684

    Dione S 1,128 1,122 1,121 1476 SYN 21 MAR 1684

    Rhea S 1,534 1,525 1,526 1233 0.00039 0.027 SYN 23 DEC 1672

    Titan S 5,151 5,151 1880 SYN 25 MAR 1655

    Iapetus S 1,495 1,495 1,425 1083 0.000303 0.023 SYN 25 OCT 1671

URANUS P 51,120 49,950 1318 14.5357 0.917 -0.7183 13 MAR 1781

    Ariel S 1,162 1,156 1,156 1665 0.00023 0.028 SYN 24 OCT 1851

    Umbriel S 1,169 1,169 1400 0.0002 0.024 SYN 24 OCT 1851

    Titania S 1,578 1,578 1715 0.00059 0.038 SYN 11 JAN 1787

    Oberon S 1,523 1,523 1630 0.000505 0.035 SYN 11 JAN 1787

NEPTUNE P 49,530 48,680 1638 17.1478 1.148 0.6713 23 SEP 1846

    Triton S 2,705 2,705 2061 0.00358 0.079 SYN 10 OCT 1846

(90482) Orcus T 909 0.549517 17 FEB 2004

(84922) 2003 VS2 T 725 14 NOV 2003

(134340) PLUTO D/T 2,390 2,390 2030 0.0021 0.06 -6.3867 2 MAR 1930

    Charon S 1,207 1,207 1660 0.00026 0.029 SYN 13 APR 1978

(145452) 2005 RN43 T 730 10 SEP 2005

(24835) 1995 SM55 T 702 19 SEP 1995

2002 MS4 T 726 18 JUN 2002

(20000) Varuna T 874 0.264 28 NOV 2000

(145453) 2005 RR43 T 697 9 SEP 2005

(55636) 2002 TX300 T 709 15 OCT 2002

(136108) 2003 EL61 T 1,960 1,520 1,000 3000 0.0007 0.055 0.16315 7 MAR 2003

(19308) 1996 TO66 T 900 0.26 12 OCT 1996

(50000) Quaoar T 1,260 0.73662 4 JUN 2002

(136472) 2005 FY9 T 1,503 31 MAR 2005

(19521) Chaos T 745 19 NOV 1998

2003 MW12 T 838 21 JUN 2003

(55565) 2002 AW197 T 793 10 JAN 2002

(84522) 2002 TC302 T 1,200 9 OCT 2002

2006 QH181 T 765 21 AUG 2006

(136199) ERIS D/T 2,657 1690 0.0027 0.062 21 OCT 2003

2005 QU182 T 801 30 AUG 2005

(90377) Sedna T 1,500 0.428 14 NOV 2003

object	id	diameter/axial dimensions (km)	density	mass	surface gravity	rotation period	discovery date
a or eq.	b or pol.	c	(kg/m³)	(Earth=1)	(Earth=1)	(days)
SUN	*	1,391,000			1409	332946	27.89	25.38	N/A
MERCURY	P	4,881	4,878	4,878	5427	0.055271	0.377	58.6462	N/A
VENUS	P	12,103	12,103		5244.8	0.815	0.903	-243.0198	N/A
EARTH	P	12,756	12,714		5514.8	1	1	0.99726968	N/A
Moon	S	3,477	3,476	3,475	3344	0.0123001	0.165	SYN	N/A
MARS	P	6,797	6,788	6,752	3933.5	0.10745	0.379	1.02595675	N/A
(1) Ceres	D/A	950	920		1980	0.00014	0.026	0.3781	1 JAN 1801
JUPITER	P	142,796	133,540		1326	317.8284	2.635	0.41351	N/A
Io	S	3,659	3,639	3,631	3528	0.014952	0.183	SYN	8 JAN 1610
Europa	S	3,128	3,122	3,122	3013	0.008035	0.133	SYN	8 JAN 1610
Ganymede	S	5,265	5,264	5,265	1942	0.024806	0.145	SYN	7 JAN 1610
Callisto	S	4,819	4,818	4,819	1834	0.018011	0.127	SYN	7 JAN 1610
SATURN	P	120,660	107,670		687.3	95.1609	1.136	0.444009	N/A
Tethys	S	1,081	1,062	1,055	973	0.0001033	0.015		21 MAR 1684
Dione	S	1,128	1,122	1,121	1476			SYN	21 MAR 1684
Rhea	S	1,534	1,525	1,526	1233	0.00039	0.027	SYN	23 DEC 1672
Titan	S	5,151	5,151		1880			SYN	25 MAR 1655
Iapetus	S	1,495	1,495	1,425	1083	0.000303	0.023	SYN	25 OCT 1671
URANUS	P	51,120	49,950		1318	14.5357	0.917	-0.7183	13 MAR 1781
Ariel	S	1,162	1,156	1,156	1665	0.00023	0.028	SYN	24 OCT 1851
Umbriel	S	1,169	1,169		1400	0.0002	0.024	SYN	24 OCT 1851
Titania	S	1,578	1,578		1715	0.00059	0.038	SYN	11 JAN 1787
Oberon	S	1,523	1,523		1630	0.000505	0.035	SYN	11 JAN 1787
NEPTUNE	P	49,530	48,680		1638	17.1478	1.148	0.6713	23 SEP 1846
Triton	S	2,705	2,705		2061	0.00358	0.079	SYN	10 OCT 1846
(90482) Orcus	T	909						0.549517	17 FEB 2004
(84922) 2003 VS2	T	725							14 NOV 2003
(134340) PLUTO	D/T	2,390	2,390		2030	0.0021	0.06	-6.3867	2 MAR 1930
Charon	S	1,207	1,207		1660	0.00026	0.029	SYN	13 APR 1978
(145452) 2005 RN43	T	730							10 SEP 2005
(24835) 1995 SM55	T	702							19 SEP 1995
2002 MS4	T	726							18 JUN 2002
(20000) Varuna	T	874						0.264	28 NOV 2000
(145453) 2005 RR43	T	697							9 SEP 2005
(55636) 2002 TX300	T	709							15 OCT 2002
(136108) 2003 EL61	T	1,960	1,520	1,000	3000	0.0007	0.055	0.16315	7 MAR 2003
(19308) 1996 TO66	T	900						0.26	12 OCT 1996
(50000) Quaoar	T	1,260						0.73662	4 JUN 2002
(136472) 2005 FY9	T	1,503							31 MAR 2005
(19521) Chaos	T	745							19 NOV 1998
2003 MW12	T	838							21 JUN 2003
(55565) 2002 AW197	T	793							10 JAN 2002
(84522) 2002 TC302	T	1,200							9 OCT 2002
2006 QH181	T	765							21 AUG 2006
(136199) ERIS	D/T	2,657			1690	0.0027	0.062		21 OCT 2003
2005 QU182	T	801							30 AUG 2005
(90377) Sedna	T	1,500						0.428	14 NOV 2003

For those objects above with known satellites, numbers of satellites are:

Earth, 1
Mars, 2
Jupiter, 63
Saturn, 60
Uranus, 27
Neptune, 13
Pluto, 3
(136108) 2003 EL61, 2
Eris, 1
(90482) Orcus, 1
(50000) Quaoar, 1