compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
last updated 25 March 2008
See notes after table for explanations and sources.
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| global mean |N. hemis| atmospheric CO2 | annual | season | annual | atmosph | Earth | sunspot | solar irradiance |volcanic|
year | temperature deviations |temp dev| | change | cycle | man- | CH4 | mean | number | | dust | year
| | | | in | change | made | | albedo| | | in |
| Jones GHCN radio- radio- MSU |reconstr|Hawaii Antarctic| atmosp | in | CO2 | combined| | | satellite |atmosph |
|surface surface sonde sonde sat. | | air ice cores| CO2 | atmosp |emission| series | | | reconstr reconstr| |
|series series balloon surface | | | | CO2 | | | | | |(optical|
| (degrees Celsius) |(deg C) | (ppm volume) | (Tg C) | (Tg C) | (Tg C) |(ppm vol)| | | (watts per sq. meter) | depth) |
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| T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 | T6 | C1 C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | M1 | A1 | S1 | S2 S3 S4 | V1 |
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0 -0.53 30.6 S 0
50 -0.43 30.4 S 50
100 -0.36 29.9 S 100
150 -0.38 23.5 S 150
200 -0.43 39.0 S 200
250 -0.35 15.0 S 250
300 -0.39 44.9 S 300
350 -0.40 26.5 S 350
400 -0.43 25.8 S 400
450 -0.43 19.2 S 450
500 -0.43 35.9 S 500
550 -0.53 20.2 S 550
600 -0.38 23.5 S 600
650 -0.39 11.2 S 650
700 -0.26 9.3 S 700
750 -0.33 29.0 S 750
800 -0.36 18.1 S 800
850 -0.29 28.3 S 1365.7 850
900 -0.27 11.3 S 1365.3 900
950 -0.25 28.3 S 1366.6 950
1000 -0.03 279.5 40 14.8 S 1365.3 1000
1050 -0.16 280.5 60 691 S 6.3 S 1362.3 1050
1100 -0.03 282.5 70 703 S 30.7 S 1366.0 1100
1150 -0.21 283.9 20 700 S 28.9 S 1368.0 1150
1200 -0.24 283.6 -40 711 S 22.3 S 1367.5 1200
1250 -0.30 281.9 -10 688 S 19.9 S 1366.1 1250
1300 -0.47 283.0 5 700 S -3.2 S 1364.4 1300
1350 -0.32 282.1 -60 700 S 20.7 S 1364.7 1350
1400 -0.30 280.3 -30 706 S 5.1 S 1364.2 1400
1450 -0.49 280.8 40 709 S -4.4 S 1360.1 1450
1500 -0.51 282.2 40 726 2.6 S 1362.3 0.0034 1500
1550 -0.66 282.8 -120 720 12.0 S 1361.2 0.0033 1550
1600 -0.73 276.4 -140 721 30.7 S 1364.5 0.0167 1600
1650 -0.64 276.4 5 727 3.1 S 1363.66 1363.6 0.0102 1650
1700 -0.67 276.7 10 740 -2.5 S 1363.60 1362.2 0.0096 1700
1750 -0.50 277.0 90 3 755 27.8 S 1364.60 1367.1 0.0083 1750
1800 -0.40 282.9 260 8 784 14.5 1364.31 1365.3 0.0009 1800
1801 -0.44 283.0 210 8 785 34.0 1364.55 1365.3 0.0030 1801
1802 -0.34 283.1 210 10 785 45.0 1364.40 1365.3 0.0036 1802
1803 -0.29 283.2 210 9 786 43.1 1364.23 1365.3 0.0046 1803
1804 -0.37 283.3 210 9 787 47.5 1364.19 1365.2 0.0019 1804
1805 -0.42 283.4 210 9 787 42.2 1364.15 1365.2 0.0042 1805
1806 -0.45 283.5 170 10 788 28.1 1364.02 1365.2 0.0011 1806
1807 -0.45 283.6 170 10 789 10.1 1363.93 1365.2 0.0021 1807
1808 -0.40 283.6 170 10 790 8.1 1363.87 1365.1 0.0000 1808
1809 -0.35 283.7 170 10 790 2.5 1363.81 1365.1 0.2107 1809
1810 -0.38 283.8 170 10 791 0.0 1363.80 1365.0 0.2308 1810
1811 -0.57 283.8 90 11 792 1.4 1363.84 1365.0 0.0537 1811
1812 -0.87 283.9 90 11 792 5.0 1363.92 1364.9 0.0055 1812
1813 -1.01 283.9 90 11 793 12.2 1364.00 1364.8 0.0018 1813
1814 -0.89 284.0 90 11 794 13.9 1364.07 1364.7 0.0008 1814
1815 -0.77 284.0 90 12 795 35.4 1364.15 1364.7 0.4993 1815
1816 -0.69 284.0 90 13 796 45.8 1364.24 1364.6 0.3260 1816
1817 -0.60 284.1 90 14 796 41.0 1364.19 1364.5 0.0798 1817
1818 -0.59 284.1 90 14 797 30.1 1364.14 1364.5 0.0024 1818
1819 -0.65 284.2 90 14 798 23.9 1364.13 1364.4 0.0015 1819
1820 -0.61 284.2 90 14 799 15.6 1364.08 1364.4 0.0023 1820
1821 -0.55 284.2 40 14 800 6.6 1364.12 1364.3 0.0070 1821
1822 -0.62 284.2 40 15 800 4.0 1364.24 1364.3 0.0075 1822
1823 -0.72 284.3 40 16 801 1.8 1364.29 1364.2 0.0002 1823
1824 -0.72 284.3 40 16 802 8.5 1364.37 1364.1 0.0035 1824
1825 -0.59 284.3 40 17 803 16.6 1364.46 1364.1 0.0003 1825
1826 -0.43 284.3 40 17 804 36.3 1364.57 1364.0 0.0055 1826
1827 -0.32 284.3 40 18 805 49.6 1364.69 1363.9 0.0003 1827
1828 -0.32 284.4 40 18 806 64.2 1364.77 1363.9 0.0039 1828
1829 -0.39 284.4 40 18 808 67.0 1364.80 1363.8 0.0005 1829
1830 -0.40 284.4 40 24 810 70.9 1364.85 1363.9 0.0062 1830
1831 -0.45 284.4 -110 23 812 47.8 1364.72 1364.0 0.0702 1831
1832 -0.49 284.3 -110 23 812 27.5 1364.65 1364.1 0.0570 1832
1833 -0.50 284.1 -430 24 813 8.5 1364.61 1364.1 0.0000 1833
1834 -0.61 284.0 -210 24 814 13.2 1364.68 1364.2 0.0080 1834
1835 -0.75 283.8 -430 25 815 56.9 1364.95 1364.3 0.1815 1835
1836 -0.80 283.7 -210 29 816 121.5 1365.34 1364.5 0.1527 1836
1837 -0.70 283.5 -430 29 816 138.3 1365.43 1364.6 0.0216 1837
1838 -0.53 283.4 -210 30 817 103.2 1365.25 1364.8 0.0090 1838
1839 -0.44 283.4 0 31 818 85.7 1365.18 1365.0 0.0000 1839
1840 -0.47 283.4 0 33 819 64.6 1365.07 1365.2 0.0004 1840
1841 -0.58 283.4 0 34 820 36.7 1364.92 1365.3 0.0030 1841
1842 -0.64 283.5 210 36 820 24.2 1364.86 1365.5 0.0012 1842
1843 -0.62 283.6 210 37 821 10.7 1364.81 1365.6 0.0007 1843
1844 -0.65 283.7 210 39 822 15.0 1364.85 1365.6 0.0022 1844
1845 -0.63 283.9 430 43 823 40.1 1364.98 1365.7 0.0071 1845
1846 -0.51 284.1 430 43 824 61.5 1365.08 1365.7 0.0036 1846
1847 -0.44 284.2 210 46 824 98.5 1365.18 1365.8 0.0006 1847
1848 -0.39 284.4 430 47 825 124.7 1365.38 1365.8 0.0029 1848
1849 -0.38 284.6 430 50 826 96.3 1365.39 1365.9 0.0038 1849
1850 -0.43 284.7 210 54 827 66.6 1365.20 1365.9 0.0000 1850
1851 -0.44 284.9 430 54 828 64.5 1365.16 1366.0 0.0000 1851
1852 -0.38 285.0 210 57 829 54.1 1365.02 1366.0 0.0017 1852
1853 -0.29 285.1 210 59 830 39.0 1364.88 1366.1 0.0075 1853
1854 -0.18 285.3 430 69 831 20.6 1364.77 1366.1 0.0032 1854
1855 -0.29 285.4 210 71 832 6.7 1364.72 1366.2 0.0043 1855
1856 -0.50 -0.56 285.6 430 76 833 4.3 1364.76 1366.2 0.0033 1856
1857 -0.58 -0.61 285.7 210 77 834 22.7 1364.89 1366.3 0.0014 1857
1858 -0.53 -0.46 285.9 430 78 835 54.8 1365.10 1366.3 0.0013 1858
1859 -0.34 -0.33 286.1 430 83 836 93.8 1365.31 1366.4 0.0001 1859
1860 -0.49 -0.24 286.2 210 91 837 95.8 1365.36 1366.4 0.0000 1860
1861 -0.52 -0.24 286.4 430 95 838 77.2 1365.24 1366.4 0.0077 1861
1862 -0.65 -0.31 286.5 210 97 840 59.1 1365.07 1366.4 0.0075 1862
1863 -0.39 -0.38 286.6 210 104 841 44.0 1364.94 1366.5 0.0063 1863
1864 -0.59 -0.43 286.8 430 112 842 47.0 1364.83 1366.5 0.0067 1864
1865 -0.39 -0.46 286.9 210 119 844 30.5 1364.72 1366.5 0.0037 1865
1866 -0.34 -0.39 287.0 210 122 846 16.3 1364.66 1366.5 0.0021 1866
1867 -0.41 -0.24 287.1 210 130 847 7.3 1364.61 1366.5 0.0018 1867
1868 -0.34 -0.13 287.2 210 135 849 37.6 1364.77 1366.5 0.0019 1868
1869 -0.42 -0.13 287.4 430 142 850 74.0 1365.01 1366.4 0.0013 1869
1870 -0.41 -0.18 287.5 210 147 852 139.0 1365.25 1366.4 0.0084 1870
1871 -0.47 -0.18 287.7 430 156 853 111.2 1365.20 1366.4 0.0009 1871
1872 -0.38 -0.19 287.9 430 173 855 101.6 1365.16 1366.4 0.0091 1872
1873 -0.45 -0.27 288.1 430 184 857 66.2 1364.95 1366.4 0.0033 1873
1874 -0.49 -0.26 288.4 640 174 859 44.7 1364.79 1366.4 0.0035 1874
1875 -0.54 -0.24 288.7 640 188 861 17.0 1364.61 1366.3 0.0012 1875
1876 -0.57 -0.29 289.0 640 191 862 11.3 1364.55 1366.3 0.0101 1876
1877 -0.33 -0.31 289.4 850 194 864 12.4 1364.56 1366.3 0.0130 1877
1878 -0.18 -0.31 289.8 850 196 866 3.4 1364.57 1366.3 0.0023 1878
1879 -0.41 -0.37 290.2 850 210 868 6.0 1364.62 1366.3 0.0009 1879
1880 -0.41 -0.31 -0.43 290.7 1070 236 869 32.3 1364.77 1366.3 0.0000 1880
1881 -0.36 -0.26 -0.42 291.2 1070 243 871 54.3 1364.92 1366.3 0.0000 1881
1882 -0.38 -0.28 -0.41 291.7 1070 256 873 59.7 1364.95 1366.2 0.0000 1882
1883 -0.44 -0.33 -0.49 292.1 850 272 875 63.7 1365.00 1366.2 0.0572 1883
1884 -0.47 -0.37 -0.54 292.6 1070 275 877 63.5 1364.90 1366.2 0.0897 1884
1885 -0.47 -0.34 -0.45 293.0 850 277 878 52.2 1364.74 1366.2 0.0138 1885
1886 -0.37 -0.31 -0.36 293.3 640 281 880 25.4 1364.51 1366.1 0.0339 1886
1887 -0.46 -0.38 -0.31 293.6 640 295 882 13.1 1364.42 1366.1 0.0322 1887
1888 -0.43 -0.31 -0.30 293.8 430 327 884 6.8 1364.36 1366.0 0.0036 1888
1889 -0.32 -0.27 -0.34 294.0 430 327 885 6.3 1364.34 1366.0 0.0019 1889
1890 -0.53 -0.41 -0.31 294.2 430 356 887 7.1 1364.40 1365.9 0.0031 1890
1891 -0.47 -0.36 -0.23 294.3 210 372 889 35.6 1364.68 1365.9 0.0128 1891
1892 -0.53 -0.43 -0.28 294.5 430 374 891 73.0 1364.82 1365.8 0.0090 1892
1893 -0.57 -0.45 -0.40 294.6 210 370 892 85.1 1364.99 1365.8 0.0047 1893
1894 -0.53 -0.41 -0.38 294.7 210 383 894 78.0 1365.10 1365.7 0.0007 1894
1895 -0.48 -0.34 -0.29 294.8 210 406 896 64.0 1364.99 1365.7 0.0005 1895
1896 -0.32 -0.22 -0.24 294.9 210 419 897 41.8 1364.79 1365.6 0.0011 1896
1897 -0.30 -0.26 -0.16 295.0 210 440 899 26.2 1364.61 1365.6 0.0001 1897
1898 -0.46 -0.37 -0.27 295.2 430 465 901 26.7 1364.56 1365.5 0.0041 1898
1899 -0.37 -0.26 -0.51 295.5 640 507 902 12.1 1364.49 1365.5 0.0014 1899
1900 -0.31 -0.19 -0.45 295.8 640 534 904 9.5 1364.46 1365.5 0.0027 1900
1901 -0.37 -0.26 -0.27 296.1 640 552 906 2.7 1364.42 1365.5 0.0021 1901
1902 -0.47 -0.34 -0.24 296.5 850 566 907 5.0 1364.48 1365.5 0.0112 1902
1903 -0.56 -0.46 -0.29 296.8 640 617 909 24.4 1364.74 1365.5 0.0478 1903
1904 -0.56 -0.49 -0.30 297.2 850 624 911 42.0 1365.05 1365.5 0.0092 1904
1905 -0.49 -0.38 -0.26 297.6 850 663 912 63.5 1364.88 1365.5 0.0032 1905
1906 -0.41 -0.35 -0.18 298.1 1070 707 914 53.8 1365.08 1365.5 0.0049 1906
1907 -0.62 -0.51 -0.05 298.5 850 784 915 62.0 1364.93 1365.5 0.0078 1907
1908 -0.60 -0.54 0.03 298.9 850 750 917 48.5 1364.95 1365.5 0.0055 1908
1909 -0.57 -0.55 -0.06 299.3 850 785 919 43.9 1364.80 1365.5 0.0000 1909
1910 -0.56 -0.53 -0.16 299.7 850 819 920 18.6 1364.66 1365.5 0.0008 1910
1911 -0.58 -0.53 -0.13 300.1 850 836 922 5.7 1364.59 1365.5 0.0664 1911
1912 -0.52 -0.47 -0.08 300.4 640 879 925 3.6 1364.57 1365.5 0.0161 1912
1913 -0.51 -0.45 0.01 300.8 850 943 928 1.4 1364.62 1365.6 0.0120 1913
1914 -0.37 -0.28 0.08 301.1 640 850 931 9.6 1364.72 1365.6 0.0048 1914
1915 -0.28 -0.22 -0.03 301.4 640 838 934 47.4 1365.04 1365.7 0.0055 1915
1916 -0.49 -0.44 -0.17 301.7 640 901 936 57.1 1365.26 1365.8 0.0040 1916
1917 -0.61 -0.49 -0.18 302.1 850 955 939 103.9 1365.41 1365.8 0.0016 1917
1918 -0.53 -0.38 -0.11 302.4 640 936 943 80.6 1365.37 1365.9 0.0036 1918
1919 -0.41 -0.37 -0.05 302.7 640 806 946 63.6 1365.14 1365.9 0.0072 1919
1920 -0.41 -0.33 -0.02 303.0 640 932 950 37.6 1364.98 1366.0 0.0014 1920
1921 -0.34 -0.29 0.05 303.4 850 803 954 26.1 1364.91 1366.1 0.0012 1921
1922 -0.44 -0.38 0.02 303.8 850 845 957 14.2 1364.83 1366.2 0.0052 1922
1923 -0.42 -0.36 -0.09 304.1 640 970 961 5.8 1364.90 1366.2 0.0031 1923
1924 -0.47 -0.35 -0.05 304.5 850 963 964 16.7 1364.96 1366.3 0.0104 1924
1925 -0.36 -0.28 0.02 305.0 1070 975 968 44.3 1365.18 1366.4 0.0106 1925
1926 -0.23 -0.19 -0.05 305.4 850 983 971 63.9 1365.30 1366.5 0.0126 1926
1927 -0.34 -0.27 -0.17 305.8 850 1062 975 69.0 1365.50 1366.5 0.0029 1927
1928 -0.35 -0.26 -0.27 306.3 1070 1065 979 77.8 1365.38 1366.6 0.0036 1928
1929 -0.48 -0.39 -0.33 306.8 1070 1145 982 64.9 1365.35 1366.7 0.0028 1929
1930 -0.27 -0.19 -0.24 307.2 850 1053 986 35.7 1365.36 1366.7 0.0002 1930
1931 -0.22 -0.17 -0.16 307.7 1070 940 989 21.2 1365.28 1366.8 0.0075 1931
1932 -0.26 -0.19 -0.22 308.2 1070 847 994 11.1 1365.21 1366.8 0.0005 1932
1933 -0.36 -0.33 -0.39 308.6 850 893 998 5.7 1365.11 1366.9 0.0025 1933
1934 -0.26 -0.19 -0.49 309.0 850 973 1002 8.7 1365.23 1366.9 0.0028 1934
1935 -0.29 -0.22 -0.34 309.4 850 1027 1006 36.1 1365.46 1367.0 0.0058 1935
1936 -0.24 -0.18 -0.12 309.8 850 1130 1010 79.7 1365.85 1367.1 0.0021 1936
1937 -0.14 -0.08 0.07 310.0 430 1209 1015 114.4 1365.79 1367.1 0.0335 1937
1938 -0.04 -0.07 0.17 310.2 430 1142 1019 109.6 1365.72 1367.2 0.0043 1938
1939 -0.16 -0.09 0.21 310.3 210 1192 1023 88.8 1365.71 1367.2 0.0054 1939
1940 -0.20 -0.05 0.22 310.4 210 1299 1027 67.8 1365.68 1367.3 0.0004 1940
1941 -0.09 -0.03 0.17 310.4 0 1334 1032 47.5 1365.66 1367.3 0.0050 1941
1942 -0.14 -0.04 0.09 310.3 -210 1342 1038 30.6 1365.63 1367.4 0.0035 1942
1943 -0.12 -0.05 -0.01 310.2 -210 1391 1044 16.3 1365.53 1367.4 0.0968 1943
1944 0.04 0.05 -0.07 310.1 -210 1383 1052 9.6 1365.59 1367.5 0.0499 1944
1945 -0.08 -0.10 -0.09 310.1 0 1160 1060 33.2 1365.87 1367.5 0.0012 1945
1946 -0.24 -0.19 -0.08 310.1 0 1238 1068 92.6 1365.97 1367.4 0.0033 1946
1947 -0.22 -0.20 -0.12 310.2 210 1392 1078 151.6 1366.22 1367.4 0.0056 1947
1948 -0.21 -0.21 -0.23 310.3 210 1469 1088 136.3 1366.35 1367.4 0.0033 1948
1949 -0.22 -0.23 -0.36 310.5 430 1419 1099 134.7 1366.26 1367.3 0.0028 1949
1950 -0.33 -0.32 -0.37 310.7 430 1630 1110 83.9 1366.02 1367.3 0.0026 1950
1951 -0.21 -0.18 -0.22 311.1 850 1767 1122 69.4 1365.79 1367.3 0.0711 1951
1952 -0.14 -0.13 -0.13 311.5 850 1795 1134 31.5 1365.77 1367.3 0.0559 1952
1953 -0.07 -0.05 -0.13 311.9 850 1841 1147 13.9 1365.62 1367.2 0.0056 1953
1954 -0.29 -0.28 -0.15 312.4 1070 1865 1160 4.4 1365.65 1367.2 0.0006 1954
1955 -0.31 -0.30 -0.13 313.0 1280 2043 1174 38.0 1365.77 1367.2 0.0038 1955
1956 -0.39 -0.35 -0.09 313.6 1280 2177 1189 141.7 1366.31 1367.2 0.0068 1956
1957 -0.12 -0.12 -0.07 314.2 1280 2270 1203 190.2 1366.68 1367.2 0.0053 1957
1958 -0.06 -0.07 -0.02 0.02 -0.10 315.33 P 314.9 1490 10020 2330 1218 184.8 1366.66 1367.2 0.0008 1958
1959 -0.10 -0.11 -0.01 -0.04 -0.28 315.98 315.6 1380 12400 2462 1234 159.0 1366.41 1367.1 0.0029 1959
1960 -0.15 -0.16 -0.08 -0.29 -0.47 316.91 316.3 1980 13790 2577 1249 112.3 1366.30 1367.1 0.0005 1960
1961 -0.10 -0.09 -0.12 -0.05 -0.41 317.65 317.0 1580 12360 2594 1265 53.9 1365.91 1367.1 0.0053 1961
1962 -0.11 -0.07 -0.16 -0.17 -0.21 318.45 317.7 1700 13220 2700 1281 37.6 1365.70 0.0024 1962
1963 -0.08 -0.04 -0.17 -0.20 -0.09 318.99 318.4 1150 13300 2847 1298 27.9 1365.65 0.0721 1963
1964 -0.35 -0.31 -0.20 -0.53 -0.07 319.52 P 319.2 1130 11700 3008 1314 10.2 1365.66 0.0389 1964
1965 -0.28 -0.24 -0.28 -0.46 -0.09 320.03 320.0 1090 12390 3145 1331 15.1 1365.72 0.0149 1965
1966 -0.20 -0.20 -0.16 -0.34 -0.14 321.37 320.8 2850 13710 3305 1347 47.0 1365.95 0.0027 1966
1967 -0.21 -0.18 -0.17 -0.25 -0.17 322.18 321.8 1730 12830 3411 1364 93.7 1366.18 0.0053 1967
1968 -0.22 -0.19 -0.22 -0.39 -0.13 323.05 322.8 1850 13260 3588 1381 105.9 1366.26 0.0243 1968
1969 -0.08 -0.09 -0.11 -0.43 -0.10 324.62 323.8 3340 12730 3800 1398 105.5 1366.36 0.0384 1969
1970 -0.15 -0.13 -0.07 -0.34 -0.19 325.68 324.8 2260 11620 4077 1415 104.5 1366.35 0.0268 1970
1971 -0.31 -0.23 -0.27 -0.51 -0.29 326.32 325.8 1360 13070 4231 1432 66.6 1366.02 0.0141 1971
1972 -0.16 -0.15 -0.21 -0.48 -0.31 327.46 326.9 2430 13710 4399 1449 68.9 1366.05 0.0134 1972
1973 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 -0.10 -0.30 329.68 328.0 4730 11940 4635 1466 38.0 1365.76 0.0047 1973
1974 -0.29 -0.27 -0.20 -0.32 -0.29 330.25 329.2 1210 13110 4644 1482 34.5 1365.68 0.0054 1974
1975 -0.24 -0.20 -0.18 -0.22 -0.22 331.15 330.3 1920 12940 4615 1499 15.5 1365.50 0.0071 1975
1976 -0.32 -0.28 -0.30 -0.53 -0.09 332.15 331.5 2130 14620 4884 1515 12.6 1365.64 0.0080 1976
1977 -0.06 -0.04 -0.04 -0.13 0.01 333.90 332.6 3730 13240 5035 1531 27.5 1365.86 0.0000 1977
1978 -0.15 -0.12 -0.08 -0.19 0.00 335.50 333.7 3410 13210 5107 1547 92.5 1365.89 P 1366.31 0.0050 1978
1979 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 -0.11 -0.03 -0.08 336.85 2880 14070 5403 1563 155.4 1366.42 P 1366.68 0.0019 1979
1980 -0.02 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.13 338.69 3920 13430 5348 1578 154.6 1366.50 1366.69 0.0010 1980
1981 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.13 0.10 339.93 2640 14550 5186 1593 140.5 1366.49 P 1366.73 0.0098 1981
1982 -0.10 -0.05 -0.09 -0.09 -0.11 341.13 2560 15080 5144 1608 115.9 1366.14 P 1366.30 0.0644 1982
1983 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.14 0.08 342.78 3510 14330 5126 1622 66.6 1366.15 P 1366.20 0.0370 1983
1984 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 0.00 -0.21 344.42 3490 15140 5308 1636 0.318 45.9 1365.72 1365.81 1984
1985 -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.27 -0.17 345.90 3150 14420 5464 1649 0.326 17.9 1365.57 1365.65 1985
1986 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.15 -0.10 347.15 2660 14600 5629 1662 0.321 13.4 1365.58 1365.65 1986
1987 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.15 348.93 3790 14210 5762 1673 0.315 29.2 1365.66 1365.80 1987
1988 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.08 0.15 351.48 5430 13260 5992 1683 0.314 100.2 1365.97 1366.09 1988
1989 0.04 0.04 -0.02 -0.05 -0.06 352.91 3050 14090 6106 1698 0.320 157.6 1366.47 1366.66 1989
1990 0.19 0.20 0.12 0.27 0.12 354.19 2730 15530 6196 1710 0.313 142.6 1366.42 1366.56 1990
1991 0.13 0.16 0.04 0.19 0.16 355.59 2980 15630 6312 1720 0.318 145.7 1366.34 1366.45 1991
1992 0.00 0.02 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 356.37 1660 14820 6187 1724 0.315 94.3 1366.16 P 1366.31 1992
1993 0.06 0.06 -0.13 -0.13 -0.10 357.04 1430 15510 6203 1732 0.310 54.6 1365.85 1366.04 1993
1994 0.11 0.12 -0.03 0.06 0.03 358.88 3920 14690 6344 1738 0.314 29.9 1365.68 1365.81 1994
1995 0.25 0.23 0.03 0.35 0.16 360.88 4260 14590 6487 1742 0.307 17.5 1365.60 P 1365.71 1995
1996 0.11 0.09 -0.06 0.17 0.07 362.64 3750 14140 6649 1741 0.304 8.6 1365.50 1365.62 1996
1997 0.29 0.30 -0.08 0.34 0.09 363.76 2390 16720 6840 1751 0.295 21.5 1365.64 1365.75 1997
1998 0.46 0.41 0.30 0.42 0.56 366.63 6110 13450 6788 1753 S 0.299 64.3 1365.96 1366.11 1998
1999 0.22 0.23 -0.03 0.39 0.08 368.31 3580 14590 6804 1755 S 0.299 93.3 1366.17 1366.39 1999
2000 0.17 0.20 -0.05 0.23 0.08 369.48 2490 13420 6981 1760 S 0.300 119.6 1366.38 1366.67 2000
2001 0.30 0.33 0.05 0.35 0.24 371.02 3280 14540 7116 1769 S 0.303 111.0 1366.30 2001
2002 0.36 0.39 0.09 0.59 0.36 373.10 4430 14290 7167 1768 S 0.305 104.0 1366.34 2002
2003 0.36 0.39 0.14 0.33 0.32 375.64 5410 13850 7504 1778 S 0.305 63.7 1365.88 2003
2004 0.34 0.37 0.07 0.42 0.24 377.38 3710 7910 1776 S 0.317 40.4 1365.66 2004
2005 0.36 0.44 0.13 P 0.53 0.38 379.97 S 5520 1779 SP 29.8 1365.46 2005
2006 0.37 0.30 381.88 S 4070 15.2 1365.37 2006
2007 0.38 0.33 7.5 1365.24 2007
2008 0.03 P 2.8 P 1365.28 P 2008
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 | T6 | C1 C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | M1 | A1 | S1 | S2 S3 S4 | V1 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| global mean |N. hemis| atmospheric CO2 | annual | season | annual | atmosph | Earth | sunspot | solar irradiance |volcanic|
year | temperature deviations |temp dev| | change | cycle | man- | CH4 | mean | number | | dust | year
| | | | in | change | made | | albedo| | | in |
| Jones GHCN radio- radio- MSU |reconstr|Hawaii Antarctic| atmosp | in | CO2 | combined| | | satellite |atmosph |
|surface surface sonde sonde sat. | | air ice cores| CO2 | atmosp |emission| series | | | reconstr reconstr| |
|series series balloon surface | | | | CO2 | | | | | |(optical|
| (degrees Celsius) |(deg C) | (ppm volume) | (Tg C) | (Tg C) | (Tg C) |(ppm vol)| | | (watts per sq. meter) | depth) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P = partial year data only
S = supplementary data from alternative sources/methods
Other notes, caveats on data, and sources:
| series | caveats | sources |
|---|---|---|
|
T1: mean global temperature deviations, surface measurements (Jones) temperature series by Jones et al. using measurements from land surface stations and marine stations, in degrees Celsius (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Land-based measurements may be biased by microclimate heat island effects; these series are corrected for this and other sources of bias, although the success of these corrections has been questioned. | Jones, P.D., D.E. Parker, T.J. Osborn, and K.R. Briffa, 2006, "Global and hemispheric temperature anomalies--land and marine instrumental records," in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/temp/jonescru/jones.html]. |
|
T2: mean global temperature deviations, surface measurements (GHCN) temperature series combining the land surface stations of the Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) series with marine station data from the United Kingdom's MOHSST dataset and NCEP series, in degrees Celsius (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Land-based measurements may be biased by microclimate heat island effects; these series are corrected for this and other sources of bias, although the success of these corrections has been questioned. | NOAA, 2008, "Global Surface Temperature Anomalies," on line at NCDC [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/anomalies/anomalies.html]. |
|
T3: mean global temperature deviations, radiosonode measurements, troposphere temperature series based on balloon-based radiosonode measurements for the troposphere from 850 mb to 300 mb (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Balloon-based radiosonode measurements tend to agree with satellite-based measurements but not with surface-based measurements. These measurements are for the lower atmosphere (from about 1.4 km to 10 km altitude) and may not reflect the same trends as surface temperatures. | Sterin, A.M., 2007, "Tropospheric and Lower Stratospheric Temperature Anomalies Based on Global Radiosonde Network Data," in Trends Online: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/temp/sterin/sterin.html]. |
|
T4: mean global temperature deviations, radiosonode measurements, surface temperature series based on balloon-based radiosonode measurements for the surface (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Balloon-based radiosonode measurements tend to agree with satellite-based measurements but not with surface-based measurements, although after recent corrections the Angell series here corresponds more closely to the surface-based record. | Angell, J.K., 2006, "Global, hemispheric, and zonal temperature deviations derived from radiosonde records," in Trends Online: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/temp/angell/angell.html]. |
|
T5: mean global temperature deviations, satellite MSU measurements, troposphere temperature series based on satellite-based microwave sounding unit (MSU) measurements of the troposphere (given here relative to 1979-1988 average) | Satellite-based measurements tend to show less warming than surface-based measurements. The consistency of this series has been questioned, although the author argues that these issues are accounted for after recent corrections. These measurements are for the lower atmosphere and may not reflect the same trends as surface temperatures. | Christy, John, 2008, "Monthly means of lower troposphere LT5.2," on line at National Space Science and Technology Center [http://www.nsstc.uah.edu/data/msu/t2lt/tltglhmam_5.2]. |
|
T6: Northern hemisphere temperature deviations, reconstructed temperature series reconstruction based on tree rings and other proxies for the Northern hemisphere | These proxy reconstructions are only indirectly linked to actual past temperatures. Different authors have produced significantly different reconstructions of past temperatures. | Moberg, A., D.M. Sonechkin, K. Holmgren, N.M. Datsenko and W. Karlin, 10 Feb. 2005, "Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data," Nature, 433(7026):613-617, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/moberg2005/moberg2005.html]. |
|
C1: atmospheric CO2 concentrations, measured mean atmospheric CO2 concentrations by volume, measured from Mauna Kea | Measurements vary from station to station on the Earth's surface, but they do consistently show the same trends. | Keeling, C.D. and T.P. Whorf, 2005, "Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network," in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/sio-mlo.htm]; WDCGC, 2007, "Mauna Loa (NOAA/GMD)," on line at World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases [ftp://gaw.kishou.go.jp/pub/data/current/co2/monthly/mlo519n00.noaa.as.fl.co2.nl.mo.dat]. |
|
C2: atmospheric CO2 concentrations, reconstructed mean atmospheric CO2 concentrations by volume, reconstructed from ice core measurements from Law Dome, Antarctica (for years 1000-1799, 75-year smoothing; years 1800-1831, extrapolated from 75-year smoothed data; years 1832-1978, 20-year smoothing) | These are indirect measurements, based on air trapped in glacial ice. | D.M. Etheridge, L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, R.J. Francey, J.-M. Barnola and V.I. Morgan, 1998, "Historical CO2 records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS ice cores," in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html]. |
|
C3: annual change in atmospheric CO2 annual change in total atmospheric CO2 in teragrams of carbon content | Indirectly derived from other series (C1 and C2). | Derived from C1 and C2. |
|
C4: amplitude of seasonal change in atmospheric CO2 amplitude of the spring-fall cycle in atmospheric CO2, in teragrams of carbon content | Approximate amplitude only, based on difference between fall low and average of spring highs for the stated year and the following year. | derived from Keeling, C.D. and T.P. Whorf, 2005, "Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network," in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/sio-mlo.htm]. |
|
C5: annual manmade emissions of CO2 estimated gaseous CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption, gas flaring, and cement production, in teragrams of carbon content | Estimated, based on models and various data sources (energy consumption, cement production, etc.) | Marland, G., T.A. Boden, and R. J. Andres, 2007, "Global, Regional, and National CO2 Emissions," in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, on line at Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. [http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_glob.htm]. |
|
M1: atmospheric CH4 concentrations, combined combined air measurements/ice core measurements, 1500-1997; supplemented by air measurements from Ryori, adjusted, 1998-2005 and by ice core measurements, nearest year, adjusted, -1450; from Law Dome Antactica and Summit Greenland ice cores. | Atmospheric methane measurements vary quite significantly with location, although the trends are consistent. The series given here merges both directly measured values and values indirectly obtained from measurements of gas trapped in glacial ice. | A. Robertson, J. Overpeck, D. Rind, E. Mosley-Thompson, G. Zielinski, J. Lean, D.Koch, J.Penner, I. Tegen, and R. Healy, 27 July 2001, "Hypothesized Climate Forcing Time Series for the Last 500 Years," Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(D14):14,783-14,803, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/robertson2001/robertson2001.html]; WDCGC, 2005, "Ryori(Japan)," on line at World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases [http://gaw.kishou.go.jp/wdcgg/pub/index/station/ryo239n0.htm#CH4]; Etheridge, D.M., L.P. Steele, R.J. Francey, and R.L. Langenfelds, 1998, "Atmospheric methane between 1000 AD and present: Evidence of anthropogenic emissions and climatic variability," Journal of Geophysical Research 103(D13):15,979-15,993, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/law/law_ch4.txt]. |
|
A1: mean Earth albedo, derived annual average Earth albedo derived from observations of Earthshine reflected on the Moon | Values are indirect and are cumulative, not discriminating among contributions to albedo from, e.g., different types of clouds. | E. Palle, P. R. Goode, P. Montanes-Rodriguez, and S. E. Koonin, 2004, "Changes in Earth's reflectance over the past two decades," Science, 304:1299-1301; E. Palle, P. Montanes-Rodriguez, P. R. Goode, J. Qiu, V. Yurchyshyn, J. Hickey, M.-C. Chu, E. Kolbe, C. T. Brown, and S. E. Koonin, 2004, "The Earthshine Project: update on photometric and spectroscopic measurements," Advances in Space Research, 34:288-292. |
|
S1: annual average sunspot numbers, combined oldest values reconstructed from radiocarbon concentrations, 20-year average | Pre-1800 values are indirectly estimated from proxy data and modeled Earth-Sun interactions. | R. A. M. Van der Linden and SIDC, 2008, "Sunspot Data," RWC Belgium, on line at World Data Center for the Sunspot Index, Royal Observatory of Belgium, [http://sidc.oma.be/html/sunspot.html]; Solanki, S.K., I.G. Usoskin, B. Kromer, M. Schessler and J. Beer, 28 Oct. 2004, "An unusually active Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years," Nature, 431(7012):1084-1087, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/solanki2004/solanki2004.html]. |
|
S2: total solar irradiance, measured | This series is a merger of data from several satellites, involving some assumptions regarding absolute calibration between the different satellites. | Frohlich, Claus, 10 March 2008, "Solar Constant: Construction of a composite total solar irradiance (TSI) time series from 1978 to present," on line at Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos [www.pmodwrc.ch/pmod.php?topic=tsi/composite/SolarConstant]. |
|
S3: total solar irradiance, reconstructed 50-year average, 1650-1700 | This reconstruction is indirect, based on proxies combined with models of Earth-Sun interactions. | Lean, J., 2004, "Solar Irradiance Reconstruction," IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, and Lean, J., 15 Aug. 2000, "Evolution of the Sun's Spectral Irradiance Since the Maunder Minimum," Geophysical Research Letters, 27(16):2425-2428, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/solar_variability/lean2000_irradiance.txt]. |
|
S4: total solar irradiance, reconstructed from radioisotope data (uses 0.40% Maunder Minimum reduction series, nearest year) | This reconstruction is indirect, based on proxies combined with models of Earth-Sun interactions; the authors reported several additional series reflecting differences in assumptions. | Bard, E., G. Raisbeck, F. Yiou, and J. Jouzel, 2000, "Solar irradiance during the last 1200 years based on cosmogenic nuclides," TELLUS B 52(3):985-992, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/solar_variability/bard_irradiance.txt]. |
|
V1: global average atmospheric volcanic aerosols, reconstructed | Data is model based, combining direct measurements with proxy-based indirect data and modeling. | A. Robertson1, J. Overpeck, D. Rind, E. Mosley-Thompson, G. Zielinski, J. Lean, D.Koch, J.Penner, I. Tegen, and R. Healy, 27 July 2001, "Hypothesized Climate Forcing Time Series for the Last 500 Years," Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(D14):14,783-14,803, data on line at WDC for Paleoclimatology [http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/robertson2001/robertson2001.html]. |
© 2001-2007, 2008 by Wm. Robert Johnston.
Last modified 25 March 2008.
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