Abortion statistics and other data--Johnston`s Archive
Historical abortion statistics, Ukraine
compiled by Wm. Robert Johnston
last updated 6 June 2026
Definition of table data (see notes after table for additional information):
- Live births.
- Abortions, reported includes legal reported induced abortions.
- Abortions (AWR) are combined reported and estimated abortion occurrences from the Abortion Worldwide Report and working papers.
- Abortions, residents, in country only includes reported
abortions obtained within the country by residents only.
- Abortions, residents, obtained abroad includes reported
abortions by country residents obtained in other countries.
- Abortions, residents, total includes reported abortions
by residents, obtained both within the country and abroad.
- Fetal deaths generally includes fetal deaths or stillbirths
of at least 20 weeks` gestation.
- Miscarriages generally includes spontaneous fetal losses/
abortions, fetal deaths, or stillbirths, regardless of gestation period.
- Abortion ratio is abortions per 1000 live births.
- Abortion % is abortions as percentage of pregnancies
(excluding fetal deaths/miscarriages).
- Abortion rate, residents is abortions by residency per 1000 women ages 15-49.
- Abortion rate, occurrences (AWR) is abortion occurrences from Abortion Worldwide Report figures per 1000 women ages 15-39.
Ukraine regional level data also available here.
| year | live births | abortions, reported | abortions (AWR) | abortions, residents, in country only | abortions, residents, obtained abroad | abortions, residents, total | miscarriages | fetal deaths | abortion ratio | abortion % | abortion
rate,
residents | abortion
rate, occurrences (AWR) |
|---|
residents, in/out of country | all in country | residents, in/out of country | all in country |
| 1924 | (1,162,900) | (87,000) | (87,000) | (87,000) | | (87,000) | | | 74.8 | 74.8 | 6.96 | 6.96 | | |
| 1925 | (1,196,800) | 149,700 | 149,700 | 149,700 | | 149,700 | | | 125.1 | 125.1 | 11.12 | 11.12 | | |
| 1926 | 1,207,907 | (195,000) | (195,000) | (195,000) | | (195,000) | | | 161.4 | 161.4 | 13.90 | 13.90 | | |
| 1927 | (1,184,400) | 242,000 | 242,000 | 242,000 | | 242,000 | | | 204.3 | 204.3 | 16.97 | 16.97 | | |
| 1928 | (1,139,300) | (310,000) | (310,000) | (310,000) | | (310,000) | | | 272.1 | 272.1 | 21.39 | 21.39 | | |
| 1929 | (1,081,000) | (380,000) | (380,000) | (380,000) | | (380,000) | | | 351.5 | 351.5 | 26.01 | 26.01 | | |
| 1930 | (1,023,000) | (450,000) | (450,000) | (450,000) | | (450,000) | | | 439.9 | 439.9 | 30.55 | 30.55 | | |
| 1931 | (975,300) | (520,000) | (520,000) | (520,000) | | (520,000) | | | 533.2 | 533.2 | 34.78 | 34.78 | | |
| 1932 | (782,000) | (590,000) | (590,000) | (590,000) | | (590,000) | | | 754.5 | 754.5 | 43.00 | 43.00 | | |
| 1933 | (564,000) | 659,000 | 659,000 | 659,000 | | 659,000 | | | 1,168.4 | 1,168.4 | 53.88 | 53.88 | | |
| 1934 | (551,500) | 393,000 | 393,000 | 393,000 | | 393,000 | | | 712.6 | 712.6 | 41.61 | 41.61 | | |
| 1935 | (759,100) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1936 | (893,100) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1937 | (1,214,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1938 | (1,113,500) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1939 | (1,073,500) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1940 | (1,135,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1941 | (975,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1942 | (705,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1943 | (550,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1944 | (575,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1945 | (435,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1946 | (750,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1947 | (715,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1948 | (765,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1949 | (905,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1950 | (844,600) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1951 | (858,000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1952 | (846,400) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1953 | (795,600) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1954 | (845,100) | | (40,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1955 | (792,700) | | (79,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1956 | (822,600) | | (519,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1957 | (847,800) | | (708,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1958 | 873,500 | | (786,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1959 | 880,600 | | (854,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1960 | 878,768 | | (919,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1961 | 843,482 | | (965,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1962 | 823,151 | | (1,031,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1963 | 794,969 | | (1,091,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1964 | 741,668 | | (1,117,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1965 | 692,153 | | (1,145,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1966 | 713,492 | | (1,168,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1967 | 699,381 | | (1,134,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1968 | 693,064 | | (1,112,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1969 | 687,991 | | (1,092,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1970 | 719,213 | 1,130,115 | 1,130,115 | (1,130,115) | | 1,130,115 | | 6,106 | 1,571.3 | 1,571.3 | 61.11 | 61.11 | | |
| 1971 | 736,691 | 1,155,870 | 1,155,870 | (1,155,870) | | 1,155,870 | | | 1,569.0 | 1,569.0 | 61.07 | 61.07 | | |
| 1972 | 745,696 | 1,129,500 | 1,129,500 | (1,129,500) | | 1,129,500 | | | 1,514.7 | 1,514.7 | 60.23 | 60.23 | | |
| 1973 | 719,560 | 1,140,365 | 1,140,365 | (1,140,365) | | 1,140,365 | | | 1,584.8 | 1,584.8 | 61.31 | 61.31 | | |
| 1974 | 736,616 | 1,143,285 | 1,143,285 | (1,143,285) | | 1,143,285 | | | 1,552.1 | 1,552.1 | 60.82 | 60.82 | | |
| 1975 | 738,857 | 1,145,831 | 1,145,831 | (1,145,831) | | 1,145,831 | | 7,383 | 1,550.8 | 1,550.8 | 60.80 | 60.80 | 104.8 | |
| 1976 | 747,069 | 1,196,600 | 1,196,600 | (1,196,600) | | 1,196,600 | | | 1,601.7 | 1,601.7 | 61.56 | 61.56 | | |
| 1977 | 726,217 | 1,186,676 | 1,186,676 | (1,186,676) | | 1,186,676 | | | 1,634.1 | 1,634.1 | 62.04 | 62.04 | | |
| 1978 | 732,187 | 1,170,184 | 1,170,184 | (1,170,184) | | 1,170,184 | | | 1,598.2 | 1,598.2 | 61.51 | 61.51 | | |
| 1979 | 735,188 | 1,153,275 | 1,153,275 | (1,153,275) | | 1,153,275 | | | 1,568.7 | 1,568.7 | 61.07 | 61.07 | | |
| 1980 | 742,489 | 1,196,696 | 1,196,696 | (1,196,696) | | 1,196,696 | | 7,293 | 1,611.7 | 1,611.7 | 61.71 | 61.71 | 106.6 | |
| 1981 | 733,183 | 1,145,870 | 1,145,870 | (1,145,870) | | 1,145,870 | | | 1,562.9 | 1,562.9 | 60.98 | 60.98 | | |
| 1982 | 745,591 | 1,172,375 | 1,172,375 | (1,172,375) | | 1,172,375 | | 7,432 | 1,572.4 | 1,572.4 | 61.13 | 61.13 | 106.8 | |
| 1983 | 792,035 | 1,159,679 | 1,159,679 | (1,159,679) | | 1,159,679 | | 7,722 | 1,464.2 | 1,464.2 | 59.42 | 59.42 | | |
| 1984 | 757,047 | 1,166,762 | 1,166,762 | (1,166,762) | | 1,166,762 | | 7,840 | 1,541.2 | 1,541.2 | 60.65 | 60.65 | 108.7 | |
| 1985 | 762,775 | 1,178,686 | 1,178,686 | (1,178,686) | | 1,178,686 | | 13,813 | 1,545.3 | 1,545.3 | 60.71 | 60.71 | | |
| 1986 | 792,574 | 1,166,039 | 1,166,039 | (1,166,039) | | 1,166,039 | | 14,296 | 1,471.2 | 1,471.2 | 59.53 | 59.53 | 109.1 | |
| 1987 | 760,851 | 1,168,136 | 1,068,136 | (1,168,136) | | 1,168,136 | | 13,792 | 1,535.3 | 1,535.3 | 60.56 | 60.56 | | |
| 1988 | 744,056 | 1,080,029 | 1,080,029 | (1,080,029) | | 1,080,029 | | 13,759 | 1,451.5 | 1,451.5 | 59.21 | 59.21 | 93.1 | |
| 1989 | 690,981 | 1,058,414 | 1,058,414 | (1,058,414) | | 1,058,414 | | 12,654 | 1,531.8 | 1,531.8 | 60.50 | 60.50 | 85.5 | |
| 1990 | 657,202 | 1,019,038 | 1,045,289 | (1,019,038) | | 1,019,038 | | 11,842 | 1,550.6 | 1,550.6 | 60.79 | 60.79 | 86.3 | 112.96 |
| 1991 | 630,813 | 957,022 | 957,022 | (957,022) | | 957,022 | | 11,018 | 1,517.1 | 1,517.1 | 60.27 | 60.27 | 80.9 | 103.40 |
| 1992 | 596,785 | 932,272 | 932,272 | (932,272) | | 932,272 | | 10,900 | 1,562.2 | 1,562.2 | 60.97 | 60.97 | 76.5 | 100.37 |
| 1993 | 539,506 | 860,996 | 860,996 | (860,996) | | 860,996 | | 11,368 | 1,595.9 | 1,595.9 | 61.48 | 61.48 | 70.2 | 92.58 |
| 1994 | 507,204 | 798,538 | 798,538 | (798,538) | | 798,538 | | 11,090 | 1,574.4 | 1,574.4 | 61.16 | 61.16 | 66.9 | 86.25 |
| 1995 | 492,861 | 740,172 | 740,172 | (740,172) | | 740,172 | | 10,286 | 1,501.8 | 1,501.8 | 60.03 | 60.03 | 61.4 | 80.62 |
| 1996 | 467,211 | 687,035 | 687,035 | (687,035) | | 687,035 | | 10,268 | 1,470.5 | 1,470.5 | 59.52 | 59.52 | 57.2 | 75.50 |
| 1997 | 442,581 | 596,740 | 596,740 | (596,740) | 1 | 596,741 | | 10,155 | 1,348.3 | 1,348.3 | 57.42 | 57.42 | 46.7 | 66.24 |
| 1998 | 419,238 | 525,329 | 525,329 | (525,329) | 1 | 525,330 | | 9,787 | 1,253.1 | 1,253.1 | 55.62 | 55.62 | 41.1 | 58.77 |
| 1999 | 389,208 | 495,760 | 495,760 | (495,760) | | 495,760 | | 8,771 | 1,273.8 | 1,273.8 | 56.02 | 56.02 | 38.8 | 55.82 |
| 2000 | 385,126 | 434,223 | 434,223 | (434,223) | | 434,223 | | 8,089 | 1,127.5 | 1,127.5 | 53.00 | 53.00 | 34.1 | 49.33 |
| 2001 | 376,478 | 369,750 | 369,750 | (369,750) | | 369,750 | | 7,521 | 982.1 | 982.1 | 49.55 | 49.55 | 29.3 | 42.30 |
| 2002 | 390,688 | 345,967 | 345,967 | (345,967) | | 345,967 | 1,476 | 7,378 | 885.5 | 885.5 | 46.96 | 46.96 | 27.6 | 39.79 |
| 2003 | 408,589 | 315,835 | 315,835 | (315,835) | | 315,835 | 1,396 | 7,020 | 773.0 | 773.0 | 43.60 | 43.60 | 30.0 | 36.46 |
| 2004 | 427,259 | 289,065 | 289,065 | (289,065) | | 289,065 | 1,376 | 6,484 | 676.6 | 676.6 | 40.35 | 40.35 | 23.2 | 33.49 |
| 2005 | 426,086 | 263,590 | 263,590 | (263,590) | | 263,590 | 1,574 | 4,629 | 618.6 | 618.6 | 38.22 | 38.22 | 19.6 | 30.59 |
| 2006 | 460,368 | 229,618 | 229,618 | (229,618) | | 229,618 | | 4,509 | 498.8 | 498.8 | 33.28 | 33.28 | 18.7 | 26.73 |
| 2007 | 472,657 | 225,336 | 225,336 | (225,336) | | 225,336 | | 3,070 | 476.7 | 476.7 | 32.28 | 32.28 | 17.3 | 26.34 |
| 2008 | 507,170 | 217,413 | 217,413 | (217,413) | | 217,413 | | 3,318 | 428.7 | 428.7 | 30.01 | 30.01 | 16.7 | 25.59 |
| 2009 | 512,525 | 194,845 | 194,845 | (194,845) | | 194,845 | | 3,351 | 380.2 | 380.2 | 27.54 | 27.54 | 16.4 | 23.12 |
| 2010 | 497,689 | 176,774 | 176,774 | (176,774) | | 176,774 | | 3,300 | 355.2 | 355.2 | 26.21 | 26.21 | 15.1 | 21.20 |
| 2011 | 502,595 | 169,131 | 169,131 | (169,131) | 1 | 169,132 | | 3,158 | 336.5 | 336.5 | 25.18 | 25.18 | 14.7 | 20.54 |
| 2012 | 520,705 | 153,147 | 153,147 | (153,147) | | 153,147 | | 3,230 | 294.1 | 294.1 | 22.73 | 22.73 | 15.2 | 18.87 |
| 2013 | 503,657 | 147,736 | 147,736 | (147,736) | | 147,736 | | 3,166 | 293.3 | 293.3 | 22.68 | 22.68 | 13.2 | 18.48 |
| 2014 | 465,882 | 116,104 | 116,104 | (116,104) | 2 | 116,106 | | 3,656 | 249.2 | 249.2 | 19.95 | 19.95 | | 14.89 |
| 2015 | 411,781 | 106,357 | 106,357 | (106,357) | | 106,357 | | 3,318 | 258.3 | 258.3 | 20.53 | 20.53 | | 14.03 |
| 2016 | 397,037 | 101,121 | 101,121 | (101,121) | | 101,121 | | 2,244 | 254.7 | 254.7 | 20.30 | 20.30 | | 13.66 |
| 2017 | 363,987 | 94,665 | 94,665 | (94,665) | 1 | 94,666 | | 2,136 | 260.1 | 260.1 | 20.64 | 20.64 | | 13.06 |
| 2018 | 335,874 | 86,678 | 86,678 | (86,678) | 2 | 86,680 | | 1,951 | 258.1 | 258.1 | 20.51 | 20.51 | | 12.17 |
| 2019 | 308,817 | 79,562 | 79,562 | (79,562) | 2 | 79,564 | | 1,788 | 257.6 | 257.6 | 20.49 | 20.49 | | 11.32 |
| 2020 | 293,457 | 64,893 | 64,893 | (64,893) | 2 | 64,895 | | 1,836 | 221.1 | 221.1 | 18.11 | 18.11 | | 9.40 |
| 2021 | 271,983 | 55,156 | 55,156 | 55,156 | 4 | 55,160 | | 1,788 | 202.8 | 202.8 | 16.86 | 16.86 | | 8.14 |
| 2022 | 190,393 | 46,992 | 46,992 | (46,992) | 7 | 46,999 | | | 246.9 | 246.8 | 19.80 | 19.80 | | 8.72 |
| 2023 | 176,981 | 45,186 | 45,186 | (45,186) | | 45,186 | | | 255.3 | 255.3 | 20.34 | 20.34 | | 10.64 |
| 2024 | 176,679 | 41,061 | 41,061 | 41,061 | | 41,061 | | | 232.4 | 232.4 | 18.86 | 18.86 | | 8.97 |
| 2025 | 168,778 | | (37,000) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| year | live births | abortions, reported | abortions (AWR) | abortions, residents, in country only | abortions, residents, obtained abroad | abortions, residents, total | miscarriages | fetal deaths | abortion ratio | abortion % | abortion
rate,
residents | abortion
rate, occurrences (AWR) |
|---|
residents, in/out of country | all in country | residents, in/out of country | all in country |
Notes:
- Parenthetical figures are estimates, some of which are
derived from reported data.
- Abortion ratios, percentages, and rates may be based on a mix of
data from different sources and thus may not represent a consistent time series.
Sources:
- Avdeev, Alexandre, Alain Blum, and Irina Troitskaya, 1995, "The history of abortion statistics in Russia and the USSR from 1900 to 1991," Population: An English Selection, 7:39-66.
- Council of Europe, 2004, "Ukraine, Table 2: Births, deaths and legal abortions," in Recent Demographic Developments in Europe: Demographic Yearbook 2003, on line at COE [http://www.coe.int/t/e/social_cohesion/population/UKRTAB2.xls].
- Eurostat, 6 March 2012, "Legally induced abortions by mother's age," Eurostat, on line [http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?wai=true&dataset=demo_fabort].
- Henshaw, Stanley K., Susheela Singh, and Taylor Haas, 1999, "Recent trends in abortion rates worldwide," International Family Planning Perspectives, 25(1):, on line at AGI [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2504499.html].
- Kalachova, Irina, 2002, "Poverty and welfare trends in Ukraine over the 1990s," UNICEF, on line [http://unicef-irc.org/research/ESP/CountryReports2001_02/Ukraine01.pdf].
- Sedgh, Gilda, Stanley K. Henshaw, Susheela Singh, Akinrinola Bankole, and Taylor Haas, Sept. 2007, "Legal abortion worldwide: incidence and recent trends," International Family Planning Perspectives, 33:106-116, on line at AGI [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3310607.html].
- UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2005, "2004 Monee statistical template: Ukraine," UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, on line [http://www.unicef-icdc.org/resources/transmonee/country_data_files_2005/Ukr2004.xls].
- UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2006, "TransMONEE 2006," in TransMONEE 2006 Database, UNICEF IRC (Florence, France), on line at UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre [http://www.unicef-icdc.org/resources/transmonee/2006/Tables_TransMONEE%202006.xls].
- UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS, 2012, "TransMONEE 2012 Database," UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS (Geneva, Austria), on line at TransMonEE [http://www.transmonee.org/Downloads/EN/2012/TransMonEE_2012.xls].
- UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS, April 2009, "TransMONEE 2009 Database," UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS (Geneva, Austria), on line at TransMONEE [http://www.transmonee.org/downloads/EN/Tables_TransMONEE%202009-final.xls].
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- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2000, "Table 5. Live births by age of mother, sex and urban/rural residence: 1948-1997," in United Nations Demographic Yearbook 1948-1997: Historical Supplement, United Nations (New York, NY), on line at United Nations Statistics Division [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYBHist/HistTab05.pdf].
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- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2006, "Table 13. Legally induced abortions: 1995-2004," in United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2004, United Nations (New York, NY), on line at United Nations Statistics Division [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2004/Table13.pdf].
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2007, "Table 13. Legally induced abortions: 1996-2005," in United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2005, United Nations (New York, NY), on line at United Nations Statistics Division [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2005/Table13.pdf].
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2012, "Table 13. Legally induced abortions: 2002-2011," in United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2011, United Nations (New York, NY), on line at United Nations Statistics Division [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011/Table13.pdf].
- United Nations Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, 1991, United Nations Demographic Yearbook 1989, United Nations (New York, NY).
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Aug. 2012, "European health for all database (HFA-DB)," World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, on line [http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb/].
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, June 2007, "European health for all database (HFA-DB)," World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, on line [http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb/].
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Nov. 2007, "European health for all database (HFA-DB)," World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, on line [http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb/].
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2013, "Table 13. Legally induced abortions: 2003-2012," in United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2012, United Nations (New York, NY), on line at United Nations Statistics Division [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table13.pdf].
- UNFPA in Ukraine, 10 July 2013, "UNFPA calls for empowerment of women," United Nations in Ukraine, on line [http://www.un.org.ua/en/information-centre/news/1661].
- United Nations Statistics Division, 1 July 2014, "3. Live births, deaths, and infant deaths, latest available year (1999-2013)," United Nations Statistics Division, on line [a href=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf>https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/serATab3.pdf].
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2014, "Table 12. Late foetal deaths and late foetal death ratios, by urban/rural residence: 2009-2013," in United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2013, United Nations (New York, NY), on line at United Nations Statistics Division [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2013/Table12.pdf].
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2014, "Table 9. Live births and crude birth rates, by urban/rural residence: 2009-2013," in United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2013, United Nations (New York, NY), on line at United Nations Statistics Division [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2013/Table09.pdf].
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2014, "Table 13. Legally induced abortions: 2004-2013," in United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2013, United Nations (New York, NY), on line at United Nations Statistics Division [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2013/Table11.pdf].
- UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS, June 2014, "TransMONEE 2014 Database," UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS (Geneva, Austria), on line at TransMonEE [http://www.transmonee.org/Downloads/EN/2014/TM%202014_EN.xls].
- State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2014, "Statistical Yearbook of Ukraine 2013," Ukrstat, on line [http://ukrstat.org/en/druk/publicat/kat_u/2014/zb/10/sz_2013_engl.zip].
- USSR, 1989, "Obtsiye pokazateli vosproizvodstva naseleniya," on line at Istmat [http://istmat.info/files/uploads/17851/naselenie_sssr_1988_obshchie_pokazateli.pdf].
- Demoscope, 2013, "Indicator table," Demoscope, on line [http://www.demoscope.ru/].
- Vallin, Jacques, France Mesle, Serguei Adamets, Serhii Pyrozhov, 2002, "A new estimate of Ukrainian population losses during the crises of the 1930s and 1940s," Population Studies, 56(3):249-264.
- UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS, June 2015, "TransMONEE 2014 Database," UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS (Geneva, Austria), on line at TransMonEE [http://www.transmonee.org/Downloads/EN/2015/TM%202015_EN.xls].
© 2000-2025, 2026 by Wm. Robert Johnston.
Last modified 6 June 2026.
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